CMS - The Compact Muon Solenoid

Autor: Waltenberger, W, De roeck, A, Schwick, C, Treille, D, Sakulin, H, Tinoco mendes, A D, Summers, S P, Chen, H, Zhang, H, Tao, J, Liao, H, Iemmi, F, Klein, K, Louis, D, Meuser, D, Dodonova, A, Eckerlin, G, Kasemann, M, Wissing, C, Mussgiller, A, Nurnberg, A M, Wiens, L, Ribeiro lopes, B, Milella, G, Garutti, E, Steinbrueck, G, Rieger, M, Kutzner, V G, Moureaux, L J, Labe, F J, Frahm, M, Rabbertz, K H, Butz, E M, Wolf, R M, Goldenzweig, P D, Shvetsov, I, Mitra, S, Martinez rivero, C, Gomez, G, Salerno, R A, Kalipoliti, L, Chierici, R, Perries, S O, Goldstein, J, Smith, V, Flacher, H U, De palma, M, Venditti, R, Elmetenawee, W, Simone, F M, Castro, A, Cuffiani, M, Bonacorsi, D, Borgonovi, L, Meola, S, Cavallari, F, Diemoz, M, Candelise, V, Moon, D H, Choi, S Y, Oh, Y D, Walczak, M B, Kalinowski, A, Faccioli, P, Murzin, V, Krasnikov, N, Popov, V, Blinov, V, Kayis topaksu, A, Damarseckin, S, Sokmen, G, Albrow, M G, Freeman, J E, Nahn, S C, Gray, L A, Soha, A L, Cerati, G B, Jayatilaka, B A, Lipton, R J, Pastika, N J, Ravera, F, Reinsvold hall, A C, Grummer, A, Mantilla suarez, C A, Zoi, I, Madrid, C, Evdokimov, O, Dittmer, S J, Oh, G, Roy, T, Pilipovic, D N, Stuart, D D, Imani, D G, Raics, P P, Martins mundim filho, L, Fonseca de souza, S, Garcia fuentes, F I, Collard, C, Le bihan, A, Apparu, D A F, Sessini, M A, Dansana, S, Favart, L, De lentdecker, G W P, Paredes saenz, S R, Allard, Y, Iope, R L, Bernardes, C A, Gonzalez lopez, O, Milieva, A, Fabbro, B, Tsipolitis, G, Papakrivopoulos, I, Radl, A J, Lal, M K, Bhatnagar, V, Ciulli, V, Civinini, C, Latino, G, Bardelli, G, Checchia, P, Lacaprara, S, Zumerle, G, Rossin, R, Pelliccioni, M, Bellan, R, Sola, V, Luongo, F, Bluj, M J, Zamyatin, N, Palchik, V, Shmatov, S, Lanev, A, Ivanov, V, Snigirev, A, Savrin, V, Petrov, V, Tyurin, N, Bayshev, I, Thakral, J S, Haddad, Y, Busza, W, Roland, G M, Wyslouch, B, D'alfonso, M, Harris, P C, Goncharov, M, Eysermans, J, Paladino, N, Bhattacharya, S, Odell, N J, Stahl leiton, A G, Penzo, A, Macias, C T, Karunarathna, W, Masciovecchio, M, Wilson, G W, Royon, C, Sanders, S J, Lazarovits, M, Le mahieu, C D, Zhu, R, Mao, J, Lath, A, Schnetzer, S R, Montalvo, R J, Hart, A E, Laflotte, I, Wimpenny, S J, Kolberg, T R, Wulansatiti, M, Simsek, A E, Ferencek, D, Konstantinou, S, Christoforou, K, Paizanos, L, Zhou, C, Huang, Q, Kravchenko, I, Golf, F, Damgov, J V, Lemaitre, V, De favereau de jeneret, J P E, Litov, L B, Finger, M, Tomalin, I R, Harder, K, Nash, J A, Hall, G, Malik, S A, Tsirou, A, Kokkas, P, Strologas, J, Bagliesi, G, Scribano memoria, A, Tonelli, G E, Roy chowdhury, S, Kyriacou, S, Karathanasis, G, Agarwal, G, Hsia, H, Ledovskoy, A, Goadhouse, S D, Yates, B R, Cox, P T, Calderon de la barca sanchez, M, Zhang, F, Kim, B J, Cherepanov, V, Aruta, C, Wittich, P, Filenius, A J W, Lanaro, A, Loveless, R, Smith, W, Bockelman, B P, Bose, T, Mohammadi, A, Madhusudanan sreekala, J, Marinelli, N, Wayne, M R, Goldouzian, R, De barbaro, P J, Hindrichs, O H, Dulemba, J L, Gutay, L, Xie, W, Kondratyev, D, Skovpen, K, Czellar, S, Orlov, A, Gonzalez caballero, I, Rodriguez bouza, V, Vanegas arbelaez, N, Nandan, S, Dudenas, V, Irshad, A, Kreuzer, P K, Lee, H, Choi, M, Eble, F, Mohammadi najafabadi, M, Chenarani, S, Govoni, P, Dinardo, M, Carbone, L, Epshtein, V, Cerci, S, Dharmaratna, W, Brinkerhoff, A W, Aly mohamed mahmoud mohamed, R, Gonzalez martinez, J D, Beyrouthy, T, Adam, W, Mikulec, I, Schieck, J R, Bergauer, T, Innocente, V, Gigi, D, Sharma, A, Tropea, P, Bianco, M, Tatar, K, Robmann, P W, Neutelings, I W, Sharma, R K, Fang, W, Cao, P, Monti, F, Erdmann, J, Mastrolorenzo, L, Zaleski, S G, Novak, A, Lee, M, Stein, A, Gallo, E, Kleinwort, C H, Lange, W, Yushmanov, I, Aldaya martin, M, Amoroso, S, Shchedrolosiev, M, Correia silva, G, Li, J, Scham, M, Colombina, F C, Bein, S L, Lange, J, Quast, G, Husemann, U, Sowa, L D, Tauqeer, K, Vila alvarez, I, Martinez ruiz del arbol, P, Brochero cifuentes, J A, Nguyen, M A, Sarkar, U, Depasse, P, Chanon, N P, Gouzevitch, M, Sordini, V, Paramesvaran, S, Kyriakis, A, Stakia, A, Selvaggi-maggi, G, My, S, De filippis, N, Campanini, R, Cavallo, F R, Battilana, C, Giommi, L, Lunerti, L, Tosi, S, Buontempo, S, Paolucci, P, De iorio, A, Cagnotta, A, Longo, E, Organtini, G, Rahatlou, S, Yoo, J H, Kim, B, Hong, J, Hoh, S Y, Doroba, K, Camporesi, T, Varela, J, Gallinaro, M, Ivanova, P, Andreev, V, Meshkov, O, Kirsanov, M, Tulupov, A, Onengut, G, Kangal, E E, Lin, T, Apollinari, G, Cheung, H W K, Green, D, Ristori, L F, Taylor, L, Tkaczyk, S M, Burkett, K A, Norberg, S R, Klijnsma, T, Feng, Y, Tonjes, M B, Varelas, N, Bhardwaj, A, Rekovic, V, Santoro, A, De paula carvalho, W, Matos figueiredo, D, Melo da costa, E, Delcourt, M, Thomas, L, Petre, L M R, De wolf, E A, Van mechelen, P, Janssen, X J, Van haevermaet, H J H, Antchev, G, Soultanov, G, Misheva, M H, Maietto silverio, I, Kotlinski, B, Erdmann, W, Missiroli, M, Cerrada, M, Colino, N, Goy lopez, S, Sanchez navas, S, Titov, M, Csanad, M, Suranyi, O, Lapertosa, A, Lenzi, P, Gasparini, U, Michelotto, M, Ronchese, P, Simonetto, F, Gozzelino, A, Pastrone, N, Bartosik, N, Finco, L, Zalewski, P D, Ershov, Y, Gorbunov, I, Gorbunov, N, Karjavine, V, Skachkov, N, Afanasyev, S, Trofimov, V, Filozova, I, Miller, M, Obraztsov, S, Lokhtin, I, Li, Y, Peck, A N, Alverson, G, Han, Y, Kovalskyi, D, Wang, J, Moreno, E A, Hahn, K A, Geurts, F, Padley, P B, Greshilov, A, Nachtman, J M, Durgut, S, Lee jr, L, Padhi, S, Duarte, J M, Murray, M J, Bean, A L, Wang, Q, Abreu, A, Romeo, F, Melo, A M, Xie, S, Salur, S, Vorobiev, I, Das, P, Dezoort, J G, Hanson, G G, Vargas hernandez, A M, Leonidou, C, Levin, A M, Yu, D R, Petkov, P S, Olaiya, E O, Belyaev, A, Williams, T S, Schuh, T, Davies, G J, Lyons, L, Seez, C, Virdee, T S, Magnan, A, Uchida, K, Saoulidou, N, Koromanidi, F E, Gianneios, P, Katsoulis, P, Donato, S, Kim, J, Choi, J, Kim, T, Sen, S, Vami, T A, Davis, J R, Ulmer, K A, Kharchilava, A, Nguyen, D H, Cox, B B, Baden, A R, Wang, L, Nabili, S, Overton, D A, Aebi, D M, Kukral, O, Matchev, K, Wu, Z, Chen, X, Valouev, V, Nash, W A, Banerjee, S, Dasu, S R, Savin, A, Wadud, M A, Heering, A H, Bailleux, D, Loukas, N, Zarucki, M, Van onsem, G P, Cooper, S I, Jones, T M, Negro, G, Gokbulut, G, Knolle, J, De coen, M, Beniozef, I S, Re, V, Cole, J E, Cuevas maestro, J F, Folgueras gomez, S, Ruiz alvarez, J D, Tamulaitis, G, Zokaite, V, Gadrat, S G, Maravin, Y, Ivanov, A, Baarmand, M, Verma, R K, Hogan, J M, Steggemann, J, Backhaus, M, Gennai, S, Pizzati, G, Palluotto, S, Suwonjandee, N, Roh, Y J, Ko, B, Kang, Y, Kim, S G, Arteche gonzalez, F J, Ramirez guadarrama, D L, Mal, P K, Valencia palomo, L, Kansal, B, Shelake, M, Kumar, S, Babaev, A, Crotty, I M, Thakur, S, Krammer, N, Andrejkovic, J W, Alves, G A, Abbaneo, D, Garcia de enterria adan, D, Malgeri, L, Bocci, A, Orfanelli, S, Defranchis, M M, Takahashi, Y, Tramontano, R, Feld, L W, Pauls, A J, Wiedenbeck, S, Stahl, A, Nowack, A S, Ziemons, T, Campbell, A J, Zlebcik, R, Zimermmane castro santos, A, Schwandt, J, Mehta, A, Keicher, P D, Quadfasel, T, Muller, T, Gottmann, A I D, Pfeffer, E L, Navarrete ramos, E, Busson, P, Charlot, C P, Wanlin, E P L, Ochando, C, Ghosh, S, Cappati, A, Ehle, I T, Laktineh, I B, Bonnevaux, A, Heath, H F, Fiore, L, Silvestris, L, Maggi, G P, Verwilligen, P O J, Zaza, A, Stamerra, A, Dallavalle, G, Navarria, F, Perrotta, A, Guiducci, L, Primavera, F, Lo meo, S, Mei, F, Colafranceschi, S, Toniolo, N, Trotta, D, Paramatti, R, Bulfon, C, Di marco, E, Campana, M, Lee, K S, Lee, S, Padmanaban, J, Yang, Y C, Mohamad idris, F B, Seixas, J C, Kim, V, Gavrikov, Y, Toropin, A, Tarkovskii, E, Kardapoltsev, L, Boran, F, Aliyev, T, Kuo, C, Lammel, S, Stoynev, S E, Johnson, M E, Gong, D, Canepa, A, Derylo, G E, Berry, D R, Lincoln, D W, Amram, O, Cavanaugh, R J, Harr, R F, Thiel, M, Mota amarilo, K, Lehti, S T, Lampen, P T, Bharthuar, S, Goerlach, U, Falke, S, Van hove, P J, Chabert, E C, Sahasransu, A R, Breugelmans, N, Vanlaer, P, Van remortel, N, Iaydjiev, P S, De moraes gregores, E, Horisberger, R P, Ingram, Q, Lu, N, De la cruz, B, Josa mutuberria, M I, Cepeda hermida, M L, Fernandez ramos, J P, Denegri, D, Gras, P, Malcles, J, Karapostoli, G, Mandal, K, Nagy, M I, Major, P, Felcini, M, Tricomi, A, Di mattia, A, Ceccarelli, R, Bisello, D, Zotto, P, Dorigo, T, Menichelli, M, Fano', L, Staiano, A, Argiro, S, Kiani, M, De la cruz burelo, E, Gorski, M, Yuldashev, B, Kamenev, A, Semenov, R, Khvedelidze, A, Dubinin, M, Gribushin, A, Volkov, A, Riutin, R, Wu, H, Wu, S, Lujan, P J, Sperka, D M, Jeon, S H, Hugo, G, Rothman, S S, Schmitt, M H, Freed, S M, Dilsiz, K, Nibigira, E, Pieri, M, Cooperstein, S B, Quinnan, M K, Baringer, P S, Alcerro alcerro, L F, Chou, J P, Guiraud, E, Perez moreno, L A, Schreiner, H F, Loeliger, A D, Landsberg, G, Venkatasubramanian, N, Gary, J W, Zhang, J, Hashmi, R, Majumder, D, Nicolaou, C, Li, Z, Volobouev, I, Mankel, A M, Caputo, C, Donertas, I S, Pavlov, B A, Cockerill, D, Coughlan, J A, Manolopoulos, K, Dauncey, P D, Richards, A J, Wardle, N, Barbone, M, Manousakis katsikakis, A, Vellidis, K, Pujahari, P R, Beccherle, R, D'amante, V, Wagner, S R, Young, P W, Wolfe, E M, Eno, S C, Kamon, T, Huang, T, Durkin, L S, Chertok, M B, Bonilla, J S, Korytov, A, Thom, J, Bright-thonney, S K, Wright, D, Hauser, J, Mc coll, N W, Regnard, S J, Manca, E, Schnaible, C J, Datta, A, Herve, A A M, Koraka, C K, Mans, J M, Pandey, S, Joshi, B M, Dolgopolov, A, Musienko, Y, Ruchti, R, Uzunefe yazgan, Y, Cucciati, G, Mariano, J P, Bodek, A, Popova, E, Taus, R A, Rumerio, P G, Gleyzer, S, Makarenko, V, Szillasi, Z, Kadastik, M, Giljanovic, D, Hoorani, H U R, Shah, M Z, Pigazzini, S, Datta, K, Valsecchi, D, Belis, V, Davarpanah, S, Paganoni, M, Malvezzi, S, Tabarelli de fatis, T, Cabrera mora, A L, Dolen, J W, Wachirapusitanand, V, Isildak, B, Lee, J S H, Bulteau, P, Shah, M A, Kim, D H, Wang, H, De la taille, C, Bagaturia, I, Sharma, S, Ayala amaya, E R, Mukherjee, S, Seidel, M, Okhotnikov, V, Malawski, M L, Ahmad, A, Maghrbi, Y, Strautnieks, N R, Fruhwirth, R, Chatterjee, S, Orsini, L, Perez, E F, Zeuner, W D, Meschi, E, Hegeman, J G, Mersi, S, Leontsinis, S, Heikkilae, J K, Liu, Z, Chen, M, Kapoor, A, Cheng, L, Teroerde, M, Hoepfner, K, Reithler, H K V, Schmidt, A, Pozdnyakov, A, Borras, K A, Jafari, A, Alimena, J M, Baxter, S S, Schutze, P J, Cardini, A, Rubenach, J, Mendizabal morentin, M, Stafford, D W, Haller, J, Grohsjean, A J, Korcari, W, Dierlamm, A H, Chwalek, T, Ruiz jimeno, A, Marco de lucas, R J, Calderon tazon, A, Lasaosa garcia, C, Harikrishnan, B, Lethuillier, M M, Camen, C, Xiao, J, Brooke, J J, Kiss, T N, Veszpremi, V, Creanza, D M, Mastrapasqua, V, Marcellini, S, Rovelli, T, Brigliadori, L, Fasanella, D, Bianco, S, Robutti, E, Maron, G, Lista, L, Fabozzi, F, Iorio, A O M, Kim, H, Lee, K, Sekmen, S, Dogra, S M, Lee, S W, Dominik, W M, Konecki, M A, Bozzo, M, Chasqueira de bastos, D C, Pisano, M, Smirnov, I, Golubev, N, Nikitenko, A, Lychkovskaya, N, Dimova, T, Kiminsu, U, Yalvac, M, Karapinar, G, Yetkin, E A, Doan, T H, Cao phuc, L H, Spiegel, L G, Gutsche, O, Chlebana, F, Gecse, Z, Liu, T T, Mills, C E, Bennett, C M, Escobar franco, R J, Mei, H, Choudhary, B C, Adzic, P, Brandao malbouisson, H, Sznajder, A, De jesus damiao, D, Tuominiemi, J, Tuominen, E M, Brom, J, Andrea, J, D'hondt, J, Lowette, S R J, Muller, D, Hadjiiska, R M, Galli mercadante, P, Muller cascadan, A, Langenegger, U, Lange, C G, Hernandez calama, J M, Redondo fernandez, I, Puerta pelayo, J, Farkas, K, Bala, S, Meena, M, Costa, S, Cassese, A, Lizzo, M, Bortignon, P, Bragagnolo, A, Migliorini, M, Turrioni, C, Costa, M, Maselli, S, Amapane, N C, Ruspa, M, Monti, V, Bellora, A, Kazana, M, Golutvin, I, Makankin, A, Baranov, A, Boos, E E, Dudko, L, Fedotova, E, Kachanov, V, Chang, P, Rohlf, J, Sulak, L R, Wood, D R, Orimoto, T J, Wang, B, Lu, M, Krishna, A, Gomez ceballos retuerto, G, Bendavid, J L, Wang, Z, Mc ginnis, M G, Redjimi, R, Ecklund, K M, Miguel colin, O, Mestvirishvili, A, Ozok, F, Koseyan, O K, Tiras, E, Snyder, C M, Letts, J R, Krutelyov, V, Flowers, Z, Salvatico, R, Marquez, J D, Spiropulu, M, Cremonesi, M, Mudholkar, T K, Stickland, D P, Marlow, D R, Razumov, I, Ojalvo, I R, Chung, W P, Heintz, U, Mondal, S, Clare, R, Long, O R, Johnson, K F, Prosper, H B, Hoch, M, Kim, R S, Kim, S, Bartek, R, Mousa, J, Saka, H, Qian, S, Mao, Y, Agapitos, A, Carvalho antunes de oliveira, A, Zecchinelli, A G, Wightman, A S, Lamichhane, K, Bruno, G L, Fernandez de troconiz, J, Bell, K W, Brown, R, Elliot, A A, Borg, J E, Papadopoulos, I, Castaldi, R, Palla, F, Boccali, T, Musich, M, Bossini, E, Bhattacharya, R, Ko, S H, Komurcu, Y, Swartz, M L, Roguljic, M, Kang, L, Neu, C C, Kellogg, R, Bethani, A, Mueller, R D, Luo, S, Breedon, R E, Jensen, F O, Avery, P R, Ryd, A P E, Alexander, J P, Kotamnives, P, Fan, J, Demina, R, Parygin, P, Stojanovic, M, Prosolovich, V, Soto rodriguez, A, Ramirez garcia, L F, Krofcheck, D, Pedraza morales, M I, Veelken, C, Dewanjee, R K, Rinkevicius, A, Grynyov, B, Shahzad, H, Sohail, I, Kaadze, K, Roy, D M, Natoli, J V, Reddy, G G, Dissertori, G, Djambazov, L, Nessi-tedaldi, F, Pauss, F, Mascellani, A, Abbas, S M, Redaelli, N, Ozkorucuklu, S, Kaynak, B, Fidalgo rodriguez, G A, Abdoulline, S, Sawant, S G, Kim, Y, Kim, G, You, Z, Muraleedharan nair bindhu, V K, Yuan, L, Cheng, T, Encinas acosta, H A, Tsamalaidze, Z, Ivanov, K, Vilkin, I, Thachayath sugunan, A, Malagalage, K J, Csorgo, T F, Xiao, M, Muhammed, A, Friedl, M, Wulz, C, Schwarz, D, Rebello teles, P, Auffray hillemanns, E, Gill, K A, Glege, F, Sphicas, P, Dobson, M, Cerminara, G, Pierini, M, Pantaleo, F, Rabady, D S, Mallios, S, Sanchez cruz, S, Zhang, Z, Merschmeyer, M K, Rath, Y A, Kress, T H, Pooth, O, Eckstein, D, Mankel, R, Krucker, D B, Lipka, E, Vazzoler, F, Wichmann, K H, De silva, L, Myronenko, V, Giraldi, A, Perez adan, D, An, Y, Klanner, R, Lobanov, A, Schindler, J C, Prouvost, N, Matorras, F, Blanco fernandez, S, Haguenauer, M, Sauvan, J, Davignon, O A, Baldenegro barrera, C X, Fontana santos alves, B A, Gascon-shotkin, S M, Mirabito, L, Beauceron, S, Dozen altuntas, C, Kreczko, L, Horvath, D, Abbrescia, M, Colaleo, A, Longo, L, Di florio, A, Rafik, M, D'anzi, B, Capiluppi, P, Rossi, A M, Siroli, G P, Gulmini, M, Del re, D, Errico, F, Cossutti, F, Park, S K, Hollar, J J, Marozzo, G B, Vorobyev, A, Kozlov, V, Uvarov, L, Levchuk, L, Tkachev, I, Gavrilov, V, Bychkova, O, Ozdemir, K, Isik, C, Agyel, D, Ozsahin, I, Yu, S, Rout, P K, Maeshima, K, Papadimitriou, V, Butler, J N, Apresyan, A, Mason, D A, Pedro, K J, Heller, R E, Adams, M R, Gerber, C E, Ozek, B, Santpur, S N, Downham, K E, Ha, S, Ranjan, K, Milenovic, P, Linden, T, Siikonen, H J L, Myllymaki, M, Agram, J, Vander velde, C, Tomei fernandez, T R, Fernandez bedoya, C, Dejardin, M M, Faure, J D, Ganjour, S, Savoy navarro, A, Bakas, G, Siamarkou, E, Pasztor, G, Potenza, R, Sguazzoni, G, Ardino, R, Spiga, D, Rossi, A, Ciangottini, D, Asenov, P, Mariotti, C, 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Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 1996
Předmět:
Popis: CMS is a general purpose proton-proton detector designed to run at the highest luminosity at the LHC. It is also well adapted for studies at the initially lower luminosities. The CMS Collaboration consists of over 1800 scientists and engineers from 151 institutes in 31 countries. The main design goals of CMS are: \begin{enumerate} \item a highly performant muon system, \item the best possible electromagnetic calorimeter \item high quality central tracking \item hermetic calorimetry \item a detector costing less than 475 MCHF. \end{enumerate} All detector sub-systems have started construction. Engineering Design Reviews of parts of these sub-systems have been successfully carried-out. These are held prior to granting authorization for purchase. The schedule for the LHC machine and the experiments has been revised and CMS will be ready for first collisions now expected in April 2006. \\\\ ~~~~$\bullet$ Magnet \\ The detector (see Figure) will be built around a long (13~m) and large bore ($\phi$=5.9~m) high-field (4T) superconducting solenoid leading to a compact design for the muon spectrometer. The magnetic flux is returned through $\approx$1.5~m of saturated iron yoke (1.8~T) instrumented with muon chambers. The construction of the magnet is well advanced. It will be tested on the surface in July 2004. Three of the five barrel yokes (YB) have been assembled in the surface building at Point 5. The assembly of the endcap yokes (YB) will start in April 2001. Four good lengths of Rutherford cable and three lengths of the insert (Rutherford cable co-extruded with pure aluminium), out of 21, have been produced. Each one has a length of 2.65km. The contracts for the winding machine have been placed. \\\\ ~~~~$\bullet$ Inner Tracking \\ All high $p_t$ muons, isolated electrons and charged hadrons, produced in the central rapidity region, are reconstructed with a momentum precision of $\Delta p_t / p_t \approx$~0.005~+~0.15$p_t$ ($p_t$ in TeV). The high momentum precision is a direct consequence of the high magnetic field. The tracking volume is given by a cylinder of length 6~m and a diameter of 2.6~m. In order to deal with high track multiplicities tracking detectors with small cell sizes are used. Silicon microstrip detectors provide the required granularity and precision in the bulk of the tracking volume. Stereo information is provided by back-to-back microstrip detectors with strips at a small angle. Pixel detectors placed close to the interaction region improve the measurement of the track impact parameter and secondary vertices. High track finding efficiencies are achieved for isolated high $p_t$ tracks. It is also fairly high for tracks in jets. \\ In June 2000 the LHCC approved the `All-Silicon Tracker' to be built in a single stage. The layout has been optimized with the removal of the central support tube. A pre-production comprising 200 detectors has been launched to exercise the automated production procedure. \\ The short bunch crossing time at the LHC (25ns) places challenging requirements on the readout electronics. Furthermore, the detectors and the read-out electronics have to withstand high levels of irradiation. A test in an LHC-like bunched beam was successfully carried out to test the functionality of the full electronics chain. Beam tests using electronics designed in the 0.25$\mu$m technology have confirmed the expected performance. \\ Good progress is also being made on the electronics and mechanics of the pixel detectors. \\\\ ~~~~$\bullet$ Muon System \\ Centrally produced muons are measured three times, in the inner tracker, after the coil and in the return flux. They are then identified and measured in four identical muon stations (MB) inserted in the return yoke. Special care has been taken to avoid pointing cracks and to maximize the geometric acceptance. Each muon station consists of twelve planes of aluminium drift tubes designed to give a muon vector in space, with 100~$\mu$m precision in position and better than 1~mrad in direction. The four muon stations include RPC triggering planes that also identify the bunch crossing and enable a cut on the muon transverse momentum at the first trigger level. The endcap muon system also consists of four muon stations (ME). Each station consists of six planes of Cathode Strip Chambers. The chambers are arranged such that all muon tracks traverse four stations at all rapidities, including the transition region between the barrel and the endcaps. The last muon stations are after a total of $\geq$~20$\lambda$ of absorber so that only muons can reach them. The four muon stations lead to a redundant and robust muon system. \\ Facilities for mass production have been set up in the institutes participating in the construction of the muon chambers. One site, CIEMAT (Madrid), has built two pre-production drift tube prototype chambers using the final assembly tools and procedures. The commissioning of two more sites (Aachen and Legnaro, Padova) is nearly complete. Around thirty CSC chambers have been manufactured at Fermilab. Parts and tooling have been procured for the sites at PNPI, St. Petersburg and IHEP, Beijing. The procurement of parts for the barrel RPCs also commenced in 2000. Mass production of DTs and CSCs at various sites is expected to reach the final rates in 2001. \\ The combined (using the inner tracker as well as the muon chambers) muon momentum resolution is better than 5\% at 0.3 TeV in the central rapidity region $|\eta
Databáze: OpenAIRE