| Přispěvatelé: |
Cvjetićanin, Rade, Knežević, Milan, Vilotić, Dragica, Stevanović, Vladimir, Janić, Milorad |
| Popis: |
U radu su proučene florističke karakteristike šumskih fitocenoza crnog (Pinus nigra Arnold) i belog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) u Srbiji, kao i ekološki uslovi u kojima se nalaze proučavane zajednice. Za područje istraživanja je odabrano pet lokaliteta: Tara, Šargan, Zlatibor i Pešter, koji se nalaze u zapadnoj Srbiji, kao i Kopaonik, koji je smešten u centralnoj Srbiji. Od ekoloških karakteristika staništa proučene su: klimatske, orografske, geološka podloga i zemljišta. Na osnovu klimatskih podataka određene su opšte odlike klime istraživanih područja i izračunati sledeći parametri: bioklimatska klasifikacija po Lang-u i Kepen-u, hidrički bilans po Torntvajt-u, Kernerov stepen kontinentalnosti i De Martonov indeks suše. Na istraživanim lokalitetima, prema Langovoj bioklimatskoj klasifikaciji, klima je humidna, kao i prema Torntvajtovoj klasifikaciji. To je tipično šumsko područje gde voda stalno otiče, a šume se nalaze u optimalnim klimatskim uslovima za rast i razvoj. Geološka podloga istraživanih područja je ista na svim lokalitetima, a nju čine serpentinit, peridotiti i serpentinisani peridotiti. Analiza je pokazala prisustvo sledećih tipova zemljišta na istraživanim lokalitetima: eutrično humusno silikatno zemljište (ranker) na serpentinitu, posmeđeno eutrično humusno silikatno zemljište na serpentinitu i eutrično smeđe zemljište na serpentinitu. U okviru ovih tipova izdvojeno je nekoliko varijeteta i formi. Na području Zlatibora, Tare, Šargana, Peštera i Kopaonika opisane su tri šumske fitocenoze: Erico-Pinetum nigrae Krause 1957, Pinetum sylvestris-nigrae Pavlović 1951 i Erico-Pinetum sylvestris Stefanović 1963. Sve tri zajednice pripadaju svezi Orno-Ericion Horvat 1959, redu Erico-Pinetalia Oberdorfer 49 emend. Ht 1959 i razredu Erico-Pinetea Ht 1959. Fitocenološke karakteristike istraživanih sastojina su utvrđene na osnovu 95 fitocenoloških snimaka koji su uzeti standardnim metodom Braun Blankea (Braun Blanquet-a). Fitocenološki snimci su uzimani u tri aspekta: rano proleće, prelaz proleće-leto i u leto. Na bazi florističkog sastava izdvojene su subasocijacije i izračunati su indeksi diverziteta i izjednačenosti... Floristic characteristics of forest plant communities of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Serbia, as well as ecological condition in which these communities grow were studied in this research. Five localities where chosen for this research: Tara, Šargan, Zlatibor and Pešter, which are situated in western Serbia, as well as Kopaonik, which is situated in central Serbia. Researched ecological site characteristics are: climate, orographic conditions, geologic bedrocks and soils. Common climate characteristics were established based on meteorological data and following parameters were calculated: bioclimatic classification according to Lang and Keppen, Thornthwaite's climate index, climate continentality level and De Martonne aridity index. Climate is humid, according to Lang, as well as according to Thornthwaite's climate index. It is tipical forest area where water constantly flows, and forests are situated in optimal climate conditions for growth and development. Geologic bedrock is the same on every locality, composed of serpentine, peridotites and serpentinized peridotites. Next soil types are described according to analysis: eutric humus-siliceous soil (ranker) on serpentine, brownised eutric humussiliceous soil on serpentine and eutric brown soil on serpentine. Several types and forms are described within these types. In the region of Zlatibor, Tara, Šargan, Pešter and Kopaonik, three forest plant communities are identified: Erico-Pinetum nigrae Krause 1957, Pinetum sylvestrisnigrae Pavlović 1951 and Erico-Pinetum sylvestris Stefanović 1963. These plant communities belong to allience Orno-Ericion Horvat 1959, order Erico-Pinetalia Oberdorfer 49 emend. Ht 1959 and class Erico-Pinetea Ht 1959. Phytocoenological characteristics of the analyzed stands were determinated by taking 95 phytocoenological relevés using the standard metod of Braun Blanquet. Phytocoenological relevés were taken in three vegetation aspects: early spring, spring-summer and summer... |
