| Popis: |
Introduction. Energy drinks (EDs) are widely used by athletes as ergogenic agents. The aims of this study were to determine the acute, chronic and direct effects of Red Bull®, one of the most consumed EDs, on cardiodynamics and the parameters of oxidative stress in physically active and physically inactive rats. Material and method. The study lasted 4 weeks. Rats were divided into 2 groups depending on the consumption of Red Bull (3.75 ml/kg), and each group was divided into 2 subgroups, depending on the physical activity. The trained rats were subjected to a swimming practice (1h per day, 5 days a week). After sacrificing, the animals were sampled for venous blood to determine the plasma redox status. Subsequently, the hearts were isolated and perfused by Langendorf method of retrograde perfusion. The coronary flow and parameters of left ventricular function were monitored: maximum rate of change of left ventricle pressure, minimum rate of change of left ventricle pressure, systolic left ventricular pressure, diastolic left ventricular pressure, and heart rate. The biomarkers of oxidative stress in the blood and effluent were determined by the spectrophotometric methods: superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, index of lipid peroxidation, nitrite monoxide in the form of nitrite, as well as the parameters of antioxidant protection system: superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione.Results. The negative effects of the acute, chronic and direct administration of the ED on cardiac function were registered in untrained animals. In trained animals, the acute and chronic consumption of the ED resulted in increasing the coronary flow and most cardiodynamic parameters, while the direct administration of the ED resulted in decreasing rates of contractility and relaxation, and was associated with the depression of cardiac function. In untrained animals, the administration of the ED had a pro-oxidative effect in the coronary effluent (acute and direct administration) as well as in blood (acute and chronic administration). In trained animals, the acute, chronic and direct administration of the ED had a pro-oxidative potential in the coronary effluent, whereas antioxidant activity was registered in the blood after the acute administration of the ED. Conclusion. Our study contributes to the knowledge on the effects of EDs on cardiodynamics and the redox status correlated with the exercise status. |
