| Popis: |
Sustainable building implies efficient land use in cities, and elsewhere. Zones with high noise impact along urban or suburban main roads have been used only for low-grade buildings, because of practical or legal limitations. Bordering these roads with continuous residential buildings ('canyonisation') can be considered as a way to reclaim these zones. The buildings provide noise reduction to the areas in the 'backyard' in the first place. Secondly they offer housing capacity themselves. Research was aimed at the development of easy to use acoustical tools to stimulate this approach in a well-considered way, in particular in the conceptual phase of urban design. The design process regarding urban canyons embraces the following acoustically important questions. (1) Which properties of the building are necessary to obtain the required shielding? (2) Which special properties of the first-line building are required? Several tools have been developed to answer the questions above and support the creativity in the design of urban canyons. They include: (1) Graphs to assess the noise shielding effect of the canyon (2) Graphs to estimate the outline of the construction of the noise exposed facades (3) Lmn: the required masking noise level to obtain sufficient speech privacy in exterior spaces, e.g. balconies on the quiet facade (4) Acoustical consequences of application of atria: noise reduction and internal noise control |
