| Autor: |
Bert, Brunekreef, Maciej, Strak, Jie, Chen, Zorana, J Andersen, Richard, Atkinson, Mariska, Bauwelinck, Tom, Bellander, Marie-Christine, Boutron, Jørgen, Brandt, Iain, Carey, Giulia, Cesaroni, Francesco, Forastiere, Daniela, Fecht, John, Gulliver, Ole, Hertel, Barbara, Hoffmann, Kees, de Hoogh, Danny, Houthuijs, Ulla, Hvidtfeldt, Nicole, Janssen, Jeanette, Jørgensen, Klea, Katsouyanni, Matthias, Ketzel, Jochem, Klompmaker, Norun, Hjertager Krog, Shuo, Liu, Petter, Ljungman, Amar, Mehta, Gabriele, Nagel, Bente, Oftedal, Göran, Pershagen, Annette, Peters, Ole, Raaschou-Nielsen, Matteo, Renzi, Sophia, Rodopoulou, Evi, Samoli, Per, Schwarze, Torben, Sigsgaard, Massimo, Stafoggia, Danielle, Vienneau, Gudrun, Weinmayr, Kathrin, Wolf, Gerard, Hoek |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2022 |
| Popis: |
Epidemiological cohort studies have consistently found associations between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and a range of morbidity and mortality endpoints. Recent evaluations by the World Health Organization and the Global Burden of Disease study have suggested that these associations may be nonlinear and may persist at very low concentrations. Studies conducted in North America in particular have suggested that associations with mortality persisted at concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) well below current air quality standards and guidelines. The uncertainty about the shape of the concentration-response function at the low end of the concentration distribution, related to the scarcity of observations in the lowest range, was the basis of the current project. Previous studies have focused on PM2.5, but increasingly associations with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are being reported, particularly in studies that accounted for the fine spatial scale variation of NO2. Very few studies have evaluated the effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of ozone (O3). Health effects of black carbon (BC), representing primary combustion particles, have not been studied in most large cohort studies of PM2.5. Cohort studies assessing health effects of particle composition, including elements from nontailpipe traffic emissions (iron, copper, and zinc) and secondary aerosol (sulfur) have been few in number and reported inconsistent results. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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