A Contrastive Study of the Grammaticalization of Receptive Verbs :The Bekommen-Passive in German and the Morau-Causative in Japanese
| Autor: | Yoko, NISHINA, University of Erfurt, Germany |
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| Jazyk: | japonština |
| Rok vydání: | 2001 |
| Zdroj: | 世界の日本語教育. 日本語教育論集 = Japanese language education around the globe ; Japanese language education around the globe. 11:167-177 |
| ISSN: | 0917-2920 |
| Popis: | 日本語とドイツ語の両言語において、受容動詞 (「もらう」)は、他の動詞の非定形とともに受益の意味を表す。この出発点を同じくする構成原理はそれぞれ異なる方向に文法化し、対照的なカテゴリーを確立する。ドイツ語の受容動詞 bekommen を用いた受益構文が、受益の意味を越えて受け身文へと文法化し、既存する werden 受け身に加わる統語論的なサブカテゴリー、 すなわち与格受け身を形成するのに対し、日本語のモラウ構文はあくまで受益の意味を保持しつつ使役文に文法化し、既存する使役構文に加わる意味論的なサブカテゴリー、すなわち受益使役を形成する。両者の違いは、受容動詞によって前面に押し出された 「受け手」 の意図と役割の違いが、構文解釈において異なる意味的貢献を果たすことによる。尚、これらサブカテゴリーの形成や構文の多義性は共時的な文法化現象を説明するものである。 A Contrastive Study of the Grammaticalization of Receptive Verbs --- The bekommen-passive in German and the morau-causative in Japanese. Both in German and in Japanese, receptive verbs are commonly used with a non-finite verb to express a benefactive relation.However, such a benefactive construction developed in different and contrastive ways in the two languages. In German, we find a subcategory that is part of the passive category but without a notion of benefactivity. In Japanese, however, the outcome of the development, a causative construction, retains its benefactive meaning. Furthermore, the exclusive benefactive meaning raises the agentivity of the recipient, changing its semantic role to that of a causative agent (causer). In contrast, the established bekommen-passive in German is syntactically conditioned and differs in distribution to the canonical werden-passive in that it transforms other syntactic functions. In both cases, polysemy remains, as do restrictions in the subcategories, which is a property of synchronic grammaticalization. This paper shows how auxiliarization establishes a grammatical subcategory and explains which factors promote grammaticalization. This is done by defining the role of the recipient in subject position, which behaves differently in accordance with the different functions of the auxiliary constructions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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