| Popis: |
This research aims to clarify the characteristics and issues of the existence bases and sustainability of small-scale urban centers, especially those associated with mineral resource development, among urban development in arid regions related to desertification, which is one of the serious global environmental problems, Arizona, United States as an example. Arizona is one of the driest states in the United States, with vast stretches of desolate land. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, many workers settled here for the purpose of developing various mining resources, and many settlements were formed. Many of them were abandoned after resource depletion, or vulnerable to disasters such as large fires caused by drying, resulting in a rapid population decline or uninhabited ghost towns. Arizona's ghost towns are: (1) Due to the low reserves of resources, resources were exhausted in a short period of time and only ruins remained; (2) Old buildings and townscapes are preserved after becoming a ghost because the town survived for a certain period of time, such as the Tombstone Historic District; (3) Like the Jerome Historic District and Bisbee, the population in its peak was about 10,000 or more, and even after the mines were closed and ghosted, the residents remained. It turned out that there are three types of settlements that have regenerated and survived through efforts. Abandoned ghost towns and huge open-pit mining sites are difficult to restore vegetation and land use, and can be a factor in desertification. It is necessary to keep a close watch so that such developments are not repeated in developing countries in the 21st century. |
