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Nikko Toshogu Shrine was constructed in 1617 and rebuilt in 1636, 20 years after the death of Tokugawa Iyeyasu, following the traditional custom of shikinen sengu by which shrines are rebuilt at regular intervals. Several such reconstructions with paints have resulted in what we see today at Nikko. Now the Heisei period restoration work is underway at Nikko Toshogu Shrine. From 2007 to 2013, the karamon gate (central gate) and sukibei walls (walls around the main buildings honden and haiden)were redecorated. At that time, several old decorative painting layer samples were discovered. Elemental analyses including those using a microscope,Py-GC/MS and X-ray diffraction as well as cross-section analysis by observation were conducted on 11 small pieces of decorative painting layers and coating layers. As a result, it was found that the coating materials from an area under the metal fittings of karamon gate pillars are dried oil paint. Traces of 17 past restorations were found on the decorative painting layers of the sukibei walls and classified into three groupsaccording to the materials used:in the first group (rebuilt in 1636 and restored in 1654), black urushi coating and gold leaf;in the second group (restored in 1664 and 1679),chu-dei foundation,black urushi coating,and decorative paint containing gold leaf and animal glue; in the third group (from restoration in 1712 to today)bengala urushi coating,and decorative paint containing gold leaf and dried oil. |
