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The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a treaty thataddresses global climate changes, such as global warming. Under this framework, the Kyoto Protocol was established to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emission. Together, these international treaties require countries to provide the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report every year, in which their estimated greenhouse gas emissions comprising six sectors are described. In the present study, the estimation methods used for assessing mineral carbon stocks for settlementsreported in the sector of “Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry” were reviewed. Although this report aimed to conduct time series comparisons of greenhouse gas emissions in a country against the starting year, lack of standardized estimation methods made this a challenge. Therefore, quantitative comparison of the estimation results of mineral soil carbon stocks in settlementsamong countries is difficult. Since scientific data about carbon stock and its dynamics in settlement soils as compared with forest, cropland, and grasslands is scarce, countries tend to adopt primary assumptions and estimation methods presented in the estimation guideline published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. However, the basic concept of primary assumptions established in 2006 has several uncertainties. Therefore, to improve estimation quality of mineral soil carbon stock in settlements, more scientific studies about long term carbon dynamics of soils in settlement environment and carbon dynamics in removed surface soil by land conversion process to settlements are warranted. The next National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report will be the final report under the Kyoto Protocol, after which greenhouse gas emission reports are ongoing to be conducted under the Paris Agreement. Hence, new concepts and data contributing for enhanced estimation of greenhouse gas emission are expected to be published in the next few years to prepare for the following reports under the Paris Agreement. |
