Disaster risk reduction education for risk society and danger society
| Autor: | Nakano, Genta, Yamori, Katsuya |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | japonština |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | 災害と共生. 4(1):83-94 |
| ISSN: | 2433-2739 |
| Popis: | 一般論文 国際防災教育支援において、支援者と被支援者との間の社会的・経済的・文化的・教育環境的相異に配慮すべきとの主張は数多い。この主張は、相異に配慮しさえすれば、支援者が教える知識・技術は被支援者にとって有用であり、国際的防災教育支援という枠組・実践はどのような社会間にも適用可能であるとの前提に立つ。しかし、ルーマンの「リスク／危険」概念を導入すれば、防災教育の多くは自然災害をリスクとみなす〈リスク社会〉に特有の実践（【防災教育@〈リスク社会〉】）であり、自然災害を危険とみなす〈危険社会〉に対する有効性は確かではないこと、よって、無条件な適用が、かえって防災教育の不全を引き起こす可能性を指摘できる。このことをネパールでの防災教育実践事例やインタビューに基づく防災に対する姿勢から考察した。その上で「仕掛学」に理論的アイデアを借りて〈危険社会〉にも通用する【防災教育@〈危険社会〉】を提案するとともに、【防災教育@〈危険社会〉】の倫理的課題についても言及した。 Previous studies have suggested that international support of disaster education should be implemented by taking the social, economic, and cultural differences into consideration, between the supporting and supported countries. This discussion stands on the assumption that the practice of disaster education itself can be applied to any kind of society. However, applying the Luhmann’s concept of “risk” and “danger” to disaster education, because a standard procedure of conventional disaster educational practice has developed mainly in the modern “risk society,” it might cause miscommunication in traditional society or “danger society” in the paper, when it is applied without any careful modifications. The first author of this paper and international NGOs, with the background of “risk society,” implemented disaster education in Nepal, a “danger society,” but, we faced some major difficulties. In order to bridge the gap of two types of societies and to make the disaster education applicable in a “danger society”, we introduced the idea of Shikakeology, which makes better use of an external, environmental trigger for behavioral change, rather than people’s internal state of mind. The study found that disaster education based on the concept of Shikakeology works better in a “danger society,” rather than conventional methods of disaster education, developed in a “risk society.” The potential ethical issues of disaster education with Shikakeology is also discussed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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