Lake and Modern Architecture : Drought in Switzerland, Pile Dwellings, and Pilotis
| Autor: | Tomita, Hideo |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of the Asian Conference of Design History and Theory. 3:36-42 |
| ISSN: | 2189-7166 |
| Popis: | Theme I : Nature And Design In 1854, Switzerland suffered from severe drought. Lake Zurich’s water level was extremely low, and the lakebed, which is normally hidden under the water, was visible. These circumstances enabled the discovery of countless piles situated at the bottom of Lake Zurich. A study revealed that in the prehistoric Alps, there were pile dwelling settlements on the lake. Towards the end of the 19th century, when the modern architects were mere children, estimated restoration drawings of the pile dwellings could be found in Swiss elementary school textbooks. Therefore, this study clarifies the influence of the discovery of prehistoric pile dwellings on the architectural works of the modern Swiss architects Le Corbusier (1887–1965) and Hannes Meyer (1889–1954). This study used published documents as research material, and it revealed the following. First, Le Corbusier and Hannes Meyer designed piloti-style buildings on the shores of Lake Zurich for the League of Nations competition project (1927). Second, the term ‘modern pile dwellings’ appears in the design concept of Hannes Meyer’s ADGB Trade Union School (1928–1930). In the execution plan (May 1930), the buildings maintained a certain level against the lake’s water surface; hence, the term ‘pile dwellings’ was used in the concept. Third, the area around Lake Garda is particularly important with regard to pile dwellings in Italy. Since the Bauhaus student Pius Pahl (1909–2003) voluntarily selected Lake Garda for his diploma project (1932–33) and designed a house with pilotis on the lakeside, it is not a stretch to think that Pahl knew of the pile dwellings when designing the house. This study clearly reveals that the drought and the subsequent discovery of the pile dwellings influenced the use of lakeside pilotis in the designs of the two modern Swiss architects in the 1920s. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|