| Popis: |
The prevalence of eating disorders in dancers was shown to be 12.0% in controls（ 16.4% for ballet dancers）, 2.0% for those with anorexia（ 4% for ballet dancers）, 4.4% for those with bulimia（2% for ballet dancers）, and 9.5% for those with an eating disorder not-otherwise-specified （EDNOS） （14.9% for ballet dancers）. New criteria for eating disorders were published in the ‘Feeding and Eating Disorders’ chapter of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition（ DSM-5） with modifications in 2013 by the American Psychiatric Association. Validation analyses demonstrated that the DSM-5 ED subgroups were well diagnosed to have variances in psychopathology as compared to the DSM-IV subgroups. In a study of aesthetic athletes, individual differences in the desire to be leaner to improve sports performance were associated with disordered eating. However, ballet dancers had a 3 times higher risk of suffering from eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, and EDNOS, and appeared to be more similar to eating-disordered individuals than controls in measures of eating pathology.Balletdancers are particularly prone to control their physiques, especially via restricted dietary practices, because of the aesthetic requirements of their genre, as well as the related issue of the pressure to manage every detail of their existence as a means to maintain their place in a dance company. Among 35 elite Brazilian professional female ballet dancers, 3 dancers（ 15.8%） had a lifetime diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and 2 others （10.5%） had a current diagnosis of body dysmorphic disorder （BDD）. And moreover for elite gymnasts, as with other aesthetic athletes, weight and shape are areas of concern, thus the risk of eating disorders may be unusually high. Adolescent gymnasts, who are developing their own sense of self at a time of life when body image concerns are common, often compete at the very top of the sport with a need to maintain optimal body shape and weight for elite performance. Preventive reports of methods available to reduce eating disorders in athletes have been increasing in recent years. Athletic trainers, coaches, and athletes are encouraged to increase their knowledge of eating disorders seen in athletes, and learn about risk factors, highest risk, and early identification strategies. Finally, when an athlete with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or another type of eating disorder does not respond to sound advice, introduction to a psychiatrist specialized in treating eating disorders is important. Early detection and treatment of disordered eating should be a high priority for athletics programs. |
