| Popis: |
From 2020 to the present, the COVID-19 crisis has been widespread. As a result, economic activity has been shrinking. The demand for transportation has also been considerably affected. In this paper, we analyze the effects of COVID-19 on transportation demand and energy consumption by mode. As a result of the analysis, the following became clear. First, the passenger sector has had a more significant impact on transportation demand than the freight sector. The impact on air passenger transport was particularly noticeable in the passenger sector. This outcome is thought to be due to the request to refrain from moving across prefectures and countries. In the freight sector, the impact on air freight transportation was particularly significant. During some months, transportation demand increased due to the stay-at-home demand regarding automobile freight transportation. Second, regarding energy consumption, the impact on jet fuel oil has been remarkable. Fuel for rail passengers did not decrease, mainly because train schedules did not change much. However, fuel for automobile passengers fell to an unprecedented level, although not as much as that for automobile passenger transportation. As for rail freight fuel, it did not decrease as much as the transportation demand. The decline in fuel for automobile freight was also slight. We consider this to be due to increased demand for transportation due to the stay-at-home demand. |
