A New Study of the Aristocracy and the Power of the Emperor in the Southern Dynasties, concerning Erpin Caikan 二品才堪 and Mendi Erpin 門地二品
| Autor: | LI, Jicang |
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| Jazyk: | japonština |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | 東洋史研究. 76(4):619-650 |
| ISSN: | 0386-9059 |
| Popis: | It goes without saying that the Nine-rank System 九品官人法 characterized the aristocracy of the Six Dynasties. According to Miyazaki Ichisada, when zhongzheng 中正 were sent to provinces and prefectures by the imperial court and xiangpin 郷品 (local ranks) were given to the official candidates, they were usually influenced by xianglun 郷論 (local opinion), which was formed in the local society. The xiangpin determined the original rank of a personʼs official career, in other words, his initial guanpin 官品 (official rank). Both xiangpin and guanpin had nine ranks, and their interrelationship was very close. For example, when a person started his political career with a xiangpin of the second rank, his first official position would generally be one of the sixth rank, the difference between xiangpin and guanpin was usually four. After his initial rank, this person could finally be promoted to the second rank if his achievements and contributions were recognized. Tanigawa Michio, who paid careful attention to the structure of the Nine-rank System, explained that the fundamental factor that determined a personʼs qualifications or status to enter the world of aristocratic officialdom was local society that was outside the emperorʼs authority. We must now deepen our study on such problems from two viewpoints. First, there is room for reinterpretation as the meanings of the pertinent historical sources are still in dispute. Second, in terms of the autonomy of aristocrats, we must explain it in relation to the emperorʼs authority because as well as being socially determined by factors such as xianglun, and the aristocrats also functioned as bureaucratic officials. This paper considers two technical terms seen in historical sources that are related to the Nine-rank System : mendi erpin 門地二品 and erpin caikan 二品才堪, and reexamines the relation between the emperorʼs authority and aristocracy in the Southern Dynasties in light of previous research. Erpin caikan meant a person of humble status, or one coming from a humble family, who assumed an official post that required xiangpin rank two. This concept was established in order to allow a person to become a high-ranking official due to his abilities and not his background. Although such a person could assume a position that required xiangpin rank two, this did not mean he would attain the status of xiangpin rank two. In short, while the appearance of the concept of erpin caikan reflects aristocratic autonomy within the imperial court, we can also see more clearly that the limits of the power of emperors in the Southern Dynasties, who had difficulty giving xiangpin rank two to their close secretaries. 本稿は中國國家社會科學基金「三－九世紀中國與東北亞各國關係硏究」(15BZS038)による成果の一部である。初稿は、二〇一六年十一月に國際日本文化硏究センター・共同硏究會「比較のなかの東アジアの王權論と秩序構想 --王朝・帝國・國家、または、思想・宗敎・儀禮--」(代表：伊東貴之)と二〇一七年三月に「瀨戶內魏晉南北朝硏究大會」にて口頭發表した。 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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