| Popis: |
Cooperation with others is an essential characteristic of human society, and trust and reciprocity play an important role in such a society’s formation. Trust behavior is defi ned as the behavior of entrusting one’s own gain to others in situations in which one’s own gain could be compromised. Reciprocal behavior is defi ned as behavior through which one acts altruistically toward the other when the other acts altruistically toward oneself. These behaviors can be measured by trust games and have been studied in various areas. Individuals’ personality traits influence differences in trust and reciprocity. However, there are also characteristics that do not show an influence on these behaviors, one of which is psychopathy. Psychopathy is characterized by the maximization of self-interest, callousness, lack of empathy, and inability to establish long-term interpersonal relationships. Psychopaths with these traits are said to be unable to adapt well to society. On the other hand, these traits are also present to some extent in the general population. It has been shown that those with higher psychopathy behave more selfishly than those with lower psychopathy. These results suggest that psychopaths are less likely to engage in altruistic behavior that enhances the interests of others because they put their own interests fi rst or disregard the interests of others. Thus, psychopaths are unlikely to engage in either trust or reciprocal behaviors. The relationship between psychopathy and trust behavior has also been examined, with the results indicating that individuals with higher psychopathy have no reciprocal behavior and no association with trust behavior compared to individuals with lower psychopathy. However, attempts have not been made to replicate these results. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the results of a study showing that individuals with high psychopathy tendencies do not engage in reciprocal behavior more than those with low psychopathy tendencies, but do not show an association with trust behavior, could be replicated. A total of 387 monitors recruited by a crowdsourcing company participated in the online questionnaire and economic games. The results of this study replicated the fi nding that those with higher psychopathy did not engage in reciprocal behavior more than those with lower psychopathy and that it is not associated with trust behavior. These results suggest that those with higher psychopathy did not reciprocate cooperative behavior from others, but tend to maximize their own benefi t. In other words, the behavioral principle of psychopathy is to pursue short-term self-interest as rational behavior, without considering one’s relationships with others. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that psychopathy was strategically selfi sh behavior. Future studies should examine whether a psychopath’s behaviors change after manipulating the relationship with the partner. |
