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The purpose of this paper is to examine how John R. Commons (1862-1945) made sense of the rapid changes in American society since the end of the 19th century. From the end of the 19th century to the 1920s, American society experienced great changes, such as further development of the big-business system and the controlled economy under the World War I regime, and subsequent economic prosperity. Commons did notsupport an extreme regimen such as socialism, but regarded the essence of industrial government as preventive measures against unemployment for the sake of job security, which could be realized under the responsibility of managers based on their trust in the self-curing power of American capitalism. The feature of Commons’s thought on industrial government was to lead American capitalism toward “reasonable capitalism” by encouraging improvements of welfare measures in workplaces, communities, and the American nation as a whole. |
