| Popis: |
In the Soviet Union, during the period of Stalinist industrialization andcollectivization of agriculture, large numbers of peasants from rural areasmigrated to cities. This occurred on a scale that can be likened to theExodus. Sheila Fitzpatrick pointed out that this was a very similarphenomenon to what Marx described in his “Primitive AccumulationTheory of Capital” in Capital and raised the “paradox” that Sovietcollectivization not only drove the peasants to kolkhoz, but also drove themout of the countryside. The “paradox of collectivization” arose from the factthat collectivization, on the basis of Marx’s theory, destroyed by force the“small peasant management” that had traditionally been the mode of lifeand livelihood for the peasantry. The collectivization of agriculture wasenforced by treating the wealthy peasant class of diligent farmers in thevillage as “enemies of socialism” and by using the bare violence of the stateas leverage for the “extermination of the kulaks as a class. According to V.P. Danilov’s research, prior to collectivization, the rural society in the NEPperiod was undergoing its own changes with contradictions and difficulties.Although the number of peasants migrating to the cities and industry wasincreasing, the structure was not designed to meet immediately thedemand for labor from industrialization, which was rapidly changing gears.The massive supply of labor was created only when the “small peasantbusiness” was thoroughly destroyed by forced collectivization with violentleverage. |
