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Japanese has compound verb constructions with deru 'to come out' or dasu 'to get out' as the second verb, such as nagare-deru 'to flow out' and kangae-dasu 'to come up with'. Similarly, Kyrgyz uses čïk- 'to come out' and čïgar- 'to get out', as in agïp čïk- 'to flow out' and oylop čïgar- 'to come up with'. In many cases, however, Japanese compound verbs containing deru or dasu have no directly corresponding Kyrgyz forms in čïk- or čïgar-. Although some verbs exhibit a perfect match both formally and semantically, such as nagare-deru ~ agïp čïk- 'to flow out' and kangae-dasu ~ oylop čïgar- 'to come up with' above, in many instances Japanese and Kyrgyz compound verb expressions do not match; for instance, Kyrgyz does not use čïk- 'to come out' for the Japanese expression ame ga furi-dasu 'it begins to rain'. Thus, when Kyrgyz or Japanese native speakers try to learn the other language, they may readily misuse the verbal compound form "V1 + V2" through the wrong application of their L1 form in the target language. This paper systematically analyzes the correspondences of compound verb constructions in Japanese deru, dasu and Kyrgyz čïk-, čïgar- based on their use with transitive and intransitive verbs in Kyrgyz, which might be helpful for learners of both languages. |
