| Popis: |
Many studies of Nanzhao kingdom have focused on its tribal attribution. On the other hand, many other studies have stressed the importance of the growth of imperial Meng 蒙 family's power as a crucial element for the rise of the kingdom. This paper explains the birth of the Nanzhao kingdom from the view of the formation of the ruling class and its relations with the outer world. Firstly, the kingdom was established by joint political partnership between Meng family and a local power. The powerful ruling class of the Dali 大理 basin, at the central area of the kingdom, played an important part in this partnership. The alliance between the Meng family and the local power was made possible mainly because of the increasingly tense relationship between Tang and Tufan 吐蕃 during the 8th century. Yunnan played the role of buffer zone between the two. Secondly, Tang's rapid expansion into Yunnan, which brought about the resistance of the Nanzhao kingdom, had a great deal to do with the recapture of the fortress of Anrong 安戎城 as a strong counter-measure against Tufan in western Sichuan. After the war with Tufan, the Jinnan military commissioner 劍南節度使 set about exploiting the Butoulu 歩頭路. the route from the Kunming 昆明 basin to Jiaozhou 交州. However, unlike the previous century, the Tang government, because of the opposition of the indigenous minority groups, were not able to efficiently exercise the Jimizhouxian 羈縻州縣 system (a rather relaxed ruling system on commandaries and counties, usually appointing the local chiefs to head them). Powerful military control had to come into forth in occupying Yunnan. Such a policy was in conflict with the interest of the powerful families who were rising in the south of the Dali basin ; they used the possible alliance with powerful Tufan as a decisive card in their negotiation with the Tang government. |
