Phthalates efficiently bind to human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor and retinoid X receptor ?, ?, ? subtypes: An in silico approach
| Autor: | Sarath Josh, M.K., Pradeep, S., Vijayalekshmi Amma, K.S., Balachandran, S., Abdul Jaleel, U.C., Doble, M., Spener, F., Benjamin, S. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
4
4' isopropylidenediphenol bexarotene bezafibrate cell nucleus receptor conjugated linoleic acid linoleic acid peroxisome proliferator activated receptor phthalic acid 2 ethylhexyl monoester phthalic acid bis(2 ethylhexyl) ester phthalic acid derivative phthalic acid ester phytanic acid pioglitazone retinoic acid retinoid X receptor alpha retinoid X receptor beta retinoid X receptor gamma rosiglitazone 2 4 thiazolidinedione derivative benzhydryl derivative phenol derivative phthalic acid plasticizer article binding affinity computer model controlled study gene expression regulation human in vitro study ligand binding molecular docking molecular interaction molecular weight priority journal metabolism protein conformation Benzhydryl Compounds Humans Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Phenols Phthalic Acids Plasticizers Protein Conformation Retinoid X Receptor alpha Retinoid X Receptor beta Retinoid X Receptor gamma Thiazolidinediones |
| Zdroj: | IndraStra Global. |
| ISSN: | 2381-3652 |
| Popis: | This exhaustive in silico study looks into the molecular interactions of phthalates and their metabolites with human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (hPPAR) and retinoid X receptor (hRXR) ?, ? and ? subtypes - the nuclear receptor proteins function as transcription factors by regulating the expression of downstream genes. Apart from the much discussed plasticizer bisphenol A, we examined the binding affinities of 15 common diphthalates and their monophthalates, natural (linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid) and synthetic (bezafibrate, pioglitazone, GW 50156) ligands with hPPARs. In addition to these phthalates, specific natural (retinoic and phytanic acids) and synthetic (bexarotene, rosiglitazone) ligands were examined with hRXRs. The Maestro, Schr�dinger Suite 2012 was used for the molecular docking study. In general, natural ligands of hPPAR showed less binding efficiencies than phthalic acid esters and drugs. The diphthalate di-iso-decyl phthalate showed the highest G score (-9.99) with hPPAR (?), while its monophthalate (mono-iso-decyl phthalate) showed a comparatively less G score (-9.56). Though the PPAR modulator GW 50156 showed strong affinity with all hPPAR subtypes, its highest G score (-12.43) was with hPPAR?. Hazardous di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate generally showed a greater preference to hRXRs than hPPARs, but its highest G score (-10.87) was with hRXR?, while its monophthalate (Mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) showed a lesser G score (-8.59). The drug bexarotene showed the highest G score (-13.32) with hRXR?. Moreover, bisphenol A showed more affinity towards hRXR. Briefly, this study gives an overview on the preference of phthalic acid esters, natural and synthetic ligands on to hPPAR and hRXR subtypes, which would lead to further in vitro mechanistic as well as in vivo preclinical and clinical studies. � 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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