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Faten A AlRadini,1 Azza AK El-Sheikh,2,3 Abeer S Al Shahrani,1 Norah M Alzamil,1 Amel A Fayed,1 Eman Alsayed,4 Shatha S Alharbi,5 Msaad A Altulihee,5 Shaimaa A Andijani,5 Wafa K AlShaiddi,6 Fahad A Alamri7 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint âAbdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman âUniversity, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, âEgypt; 4Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-âMinia, Egypt; 5Department of Family and Community Health, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University âHospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz âUniversity Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi âArabia; 7Global Center of Mass Gathering Medicine, Ministry of Health, Family Medicine, âPrimary Health Center, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abeer S Al Shahrani, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint âAbdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966118239031, Email asalshahran@pnu.edu.sa; drabeer_fm@yahoo.comPurpose: Oxidative and inflammatory pathways play a significant role in the pathophysiology of a wide variety of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. However, the effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ââ(25[OH]D) on these pathways is still controversial. To evaluate the association of 25[OH]D on âantioxidant and pro-inflammatory biomarkers, reduced glutathione (GSH) and tumor ânecrosis factor (TNF)-α, in T2DM and hypertensive patients.Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a consecutive sample of patients attending the the Family Medicine clinic at King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH). Participants were screened for eligibility according to the following âcriteria: aged above 18 years and diagnosed with T2DM and/or hypertension for at least one âyear. Patients receiving any kind of vitamin D or calcium supplements within the last three âmonths were excluded, as were those with a history of ârenal failure, cancer, liver, thyroid, or any other chronic inflammatory diseases.Results: In total 424 T2DM and/or âhypertensive patients (mean age 55± 12 years) were recruited. In addition to routine âphysical and laboratory examinations, levels of serum 25[OH]D, GSH and TNF-α were âmeasured. The prevalence of 25[OH]D deficiency (< 50 nmol/L) was 35.1%, which was âindependent from GSH and TNF-α levels. In T2DM, hypertensive and patients having âboth diseases, GSH levels were 349.3± 19, 355.4± 19 and 428.8± 20 μmol/L, ârespectively. Uncontrolled T2DM and hypertension patients showed significantly higher âGSH compared with the controlled group. âMales showed slightly higher level âof TNF-α compared with females and uncontrolled hypertensive patients had relatively âhigher TNF-α level when evaluated against controlled hypertensive patients. 𠃬onclusion: 25[OH]D level is independent of oxidative stress and inflammation, âassessed by levels of GSH and TNF-α, respectively, in T2DM and hypertensive Saudi âpatients. Keywords: vitamin D, diabetes, hypertension, reduced glutathione, TNF-α |
