Maize ANT1 modulates vascular development, chloroplast development, photosynthesis, and plant growth
| Autor: | Chao-Kang Chang, Jinn-Jy Lin, Wen-Yu Liu, Chun-Ping Yu, Mei-Yeh Jade Lu, Shih-Long Tu, Hsiang-June Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, Shin-Han Shiu, Shu-Hsing Wu, Maurice S. B. Ku, Hsin-Hung Lin |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Chloroplasts Mutant Plant Development Organogenesis Flowers Biology Zea mays 01 natural sciences Frameshift mutation Organogenesis Plant 03 medical and health sciences Gene Expression Regulation Plant Arabidopsis Photosynthesis Millets Gene Plant Proteins Multidisciplinary Tetrapyrrole binding Gene Expression Profiling Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1 food and beverages Promoter Biological Sciences biology.organism_classification Cell biology Plant Leaves Chloroplast Amino Acid Transport Systems Neutral 030104 developmental biology Transcriptome Transcription Factors 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 0027-8424 |
| Popis: | Arabidopsis AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), an AP2 transcription factor, is known to control plant growth and floral organogenesis. In this study, our transcriptome analysis and in situ hybridization assays of maize embryonic leaves suggested that maize ANT1 (ZmANT1) regulates vascular development. To better understand ANT1 functions, we determined the binding motif of ZmANT1 and then showed that ZmANT1 binds the promoters of millet SCR1, GNC, and AN3, which are key regulators of Kranz anatomy, chloroplast development, and plant growth, respectively. We generated a mutant with a single-codon deletion and two frameshift mutants of the ANT1 ortholog in the C4 millet Setaria viridis by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. The two frameshift mutants displayed reduced photosynthesis efficiency and growth rate, smaller leaves, and lower grain yields than wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, their leaves sporadically exhibited distorted Kranz anatomy and vein spacing. Conducting transcriptomic analysis of developing leaves in the WT and the three mutants we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two frameshift mutant lines and found many down-regulated DEGs enriched in photosynthesis, heme, tetrapyrrole binding, and antioxidant activity. In addition, we predicted many target genes of ZmANT1 and chose 13 of them to confirm binding of ZmANT1 to their promoters. Based on the above observations, we proposed a model for ANT1 regulation of cell proliferation and leaf growth, vascular and vein development, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis through its target genes. Our study revealed biological roles of ANT1 in several developmental processes beyond its known roles in plant growth and floral organogenesis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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