Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate/Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Alterations in Clinical High Risk and First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Preliminary 7-T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging Study

Autor:	Ahmad Mayeli, Susan F. Sonnenschein, Victor E. Yushmanov, James D. Wilson, Annie Blazer, William Foran, Maria Perica, Finnegan J. Calabro, Beatriz Luna, Hoby P. Hetherington, Deepak K. Sarpal, Fabio Ferrarelli
Rok vydání:	2022
Předmět:	dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DLPFC first episode schizophrenia gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA clinical high risk for psychosis excitation/inhibition Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry General Medicine Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Molecular Biology Spectroscopy Catalysis Computer Science Applications
Zdroj:	International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Volume 23; Issue 24; Pages: 15846
ISSN:	1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms232415846
Popis:	Converging lines of evidence suggest that an imbalance between excitation and inhibition is present in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenia (SCZ). Gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) and, to a lesser extent, glutamate (Glu) abnormalities were reported in the DLPFC of SCZ patients, especially on the right hemisphere, by post-mortem studies. However, in vivo evidence of GABA, Glu, and Glu/GABA DLPFC abnormalities, particularly on the right side and the early stages of illness, is limited. In this preliminary study, we utilized 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to investigate bilateral Glu/Creatine (Cre), GABA/Cre, and Glu/GABA in the DLPFC of sixteen first episode schizophrenia (FES), seventeen clinical high risk (CHR), and twenty-six healthy comparison (HC) subjects. FES and CHR had abnormal GABA/Cre and Glu/GABA in the right DLPFC (rDLPFC) compared with HC participants, while no differences were observed in the left DLPFC (lDLPFC) among the three groups. Furthermore, HC had higher Glu/GABA in rDLPFC compared to lDLPFC (R > L), whereas the opposite relationship (R < L) was observed in the DLPFC Glu/GABA of FES patients. Altogether, these findings indicate that GABA/Cre and Glu/GABA DLPFC alterations are present before illness manifestation and worsen in FES patients, thus representing a putative early pathophysiological biomarker for SCZ and related psychotic disorders.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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