Do neuropsychological test norms from African Americans in the United States generalize to a Zambian population?
| Autor: | J. A. Menon, Serpell R, Knut Hestad, Anya Umlauf, Lisa Kalungwana, Robert K. Heaton, Mwaba So, Donald Franklin, Norma Kabuba, Scott Letendre |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Cross-Cultural Comparison Male 050103 clinical psychology media_common.quotation_subject Population Zambia Neuropsychological Tests Article 050105 experimental psychology Literacy Reference Values medicine Humans Achievement test Verbal fluency test 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences education Episodic memory Aged media_common education.field_of_study medicine.diagnostic_test Working memory 05 social sciences Neuropsychological test Middle Aged Healthy Volunteers United States Black or African American Psychiatry and Mental health Clinical Psychology Cohort Female Psychology Social psychology Demography |
| Zdroj: | Psychological Assessment. 28:18-38 |
| ISSN: | 1939-134X 1040-3590 |
| DOI: | 10.1037/pas0000147 |
| Popis: | Healthy Zambian adults (N = 324) were evaluated to determine to what degree a Western neuropsychological (NP) test battery, with African American norms adjusted for age, gender, and education could be used in healthy Zambians, including 157 men (48.46%) and 167 women (51.54%) with an average age of 38.48 (SD = 12.80) years and an average education level of 11.02 (SD = 2.58) years. The NP battery included tests of attention/working memory, executive function, verbal fluency, processing speed, verbal and visual episodic memory, and fine motor skills. The Zambian Achievement Test (ZAT) and the U.S. Wide Range Achievement Test-4 (WRAT-4) reading subtest also were administered to assess literacy and quality of education. Similar to findings in Western countries, the Zambian results show substantial age and education effects on most tests and smaller, less consistent effects of gender. Beyond the basic demographic effects, urban/rural background had small effects on some cognitive variables, and the ZAT (but not WRAT-4) reading level was a robust predictor of performance on many NP tests, even when other background characteristics were controlled. Women in the United States tend to outperform men on tests of processing speed and episodic memory. However, Zambian women showed modest but statistically significant disadvantages versus their male counterparts. The results show that tests developed in the United States may be used in Zambia. Nevertheless, development and use of local cultural norms remains very important and is a must. New demographically corrected norms were developed for the cohort that was examined. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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