Identification and screening of potent antimicrobial peptides in arthropod genomes
| Autor: | Itamar Kozlovski, Nikesh Dahal, Deepesh Duwadi, James A. Jukosky, Munaya Sa-eed, Binyam Yilma, Anishma Shrestha |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Physiology Antimicrobial peptides Human pathogen Microbial Sensitivity Tests Biology Gram-Positive Bacteria Hemolysis Biochemistry Article Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Endocrinology Anti-Infective Agents Candida albicans Gram-Negative Bacteria medicine Animals Arthropods Expressed sequence tag fungi biology.organism_classification Antimicrobial medicine.disease In vitro 030104 developmental biology Bacteria |
| Zdroj: | Peptides. 103:26-30 |
| ISSN: | 0196-9781 |
| Popis: | Using tBLASTn and BLASTp searches, we queried recently sequenced arthropod genomes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) using a database of known arthropod cecropins, defensins, and attacins. We identified and synthesized 6 potential AMPs and screened them for antimicrobial activity. Using radial diffusion assays and microtiter antimicrobial assays, we assessed the in vitro antimicrobial effects of these peptides against several human pathogens including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. We also conducted hemolysis assays to examine the cytotoxicity of these peptides to mammalian cells. Four of the six peptides identified showed antimicrobial effects in these assays. We also created truncated versions of these four peptides to assay their antimicrobial activity. Two cecropins derived from the monarch butterfly genome (Danaus plexippus), DAN1 and DAN2, showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 2–16 μg/ml when screened against Gram-negative bacteria. HOLO1 and LOUDEF1, two defensin-like peptides derived from red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and human body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus), respectively, exhibited MICs in the range of 13–25 μg/ml against Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, HOLO1 showed an MIC less than 5 μg/ml against the fungal species Candida albicans. These peptides exhibited no hemolytic activity at concentrations up to 200 μg/ml. The truncated peptides derived from DAN2 and HOLO1 showed very little antimicrobial activity. Our experiments show that the peptides DAN1, DAN2, HOLO1, and LOUDEF1 showed potent antimicrobial activity in vitro against common human pathogens, did not lyse mammalian red blood cells, and indicates their potential as templates for novel therapeutic agents against microbial infection. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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