Gliotransmitter release from astrocytes: functional, developmental and pathological implications in the brain
| Autor: | K Harada, Taichi Kamiya, Takashi Tsuboi |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Mini Review Gliotransmitter Large population Biology Exocytosis synaptic activity lcsh:RC321-571 03 medical and health sciences optical imaging Endocrinology 0302 clinical medicine Optical imaging Biological neural network Pathological lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry gliotransmitter Physiological function General Neuroscience Neurodevelopmental disorders Glutamate receptor Glial cell 030104 developmental biology Astrocytes Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 9 (2016) Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fnins.2015.00499/full |
| Popis: | Astrocytes comprise a large population of cells in the brain and are important partners to neighboring neurons, vascular cells, and other glial cells. Astrocytes not only form a scaffold for other cells, but also extend foot processes around the capillaries to maintain the blood-brain barrier. Thus, environmental chemicals that exist in the blood stream could have potentially harmful effects on the physiological function of astrocytes. Although astrocytes are not electrically excitable, they have been shown to function as active participants in the development of neural circuits and synaptic activity. Astrocytes respond to neurotransmitters and contribute to synaptic information processing by releasing chemical transmitters called "gliotransmitters." State-of-the-art optical imaging techniques enable us to clarify how neurotransmitters elicit the release of various gliotransmitters, including glutamate, D-serine, and ATP. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that the disruption of gliotransmission results in neuronal dysfunction and abnormal behaviors in animal models. In this review, we focus on the latest technical approaches to clarify the molecular mechanisms of gliotransmitter exocytosis, and discuss the possibility that exposure to environmental chemicals could alter gliotransmission and cause neurodevelopmental disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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