The risk of infectious pathogens in breast-feeding, donated human milk and breast milk substitutes
| Autor: | Richard B. Banati, Aaron Schindeler, Katherine Blackshaw, Nina J. Berry, Fariba Dehghani, Peter Valtchev, Nooshin Koolaji |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Breastfeeding
Mothers Medicine (miscellaneous) Context (language use) Review Article Breast milk 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine 030225 pediatrics Environmental health Infant morbidity Humans Medicine 030212 general & internal medicine Cronobacter Nutrition and Dietetics Milk Human biology business.industry Transmission (medicine) Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Infant biology.organism_classification Infant Formula Breast Feeding Infant formula Female business Breast feeding |
| Zdroj: | Public Health Nutr |
| ISSN: | 1475-2727 1368-9800 |
| DOI: | 10.1017/s1368980020000555 |
| Popis: | Objective:This review collates the published reports that focus on microbial and viral illnesses that can be transmitted by breast milk, donor milk and powdered infant formula (PIF). In this context, we attempt to define a risk framework encompassing those hazards, exposure scenarios, vulnerability and protective factors.Design:A literature search was performed for reported cases of morbidity and mortality associated with different infant feeding modes.Setting:Exclusive breast-feeding is the recommended for infant feeding under 6 months, or failing that, provision of donated human milk. However, the use of PIF remains high despite its intrinsic and extrinsic risk of microbial contamination, as well as the potential for adverse physiological effects, including infant gut dysbiosis.Results:Viable pathogen transmission via breast-feeding or donor milk (pasteurised and unpasteurised) is rare. However, transmission of HIV and human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 is a concern for breast-feeding mothers, particularly for mothers undertaking a mixed feeding mode (PIF and breast-feeding). In PIF, intrinsic and extrinsic microbial contamination, such asCronobacterandSalmonella, remain significant identifiable causes of infant morbidity and mortality.Conclusions:Disease transmission through breast-feeding or donor human milk is rare, most likely owing to its complex intrinsically protective composition of human milk and protection of the infant gut lining. Contamination of PIF and the morbidity associated with this is likely underappreciated in terms of community risk. A better system of safe donor milk sharing that also establishes security of supply for non-hospitalised healthy infants in need of breast milk would reduce the reliance on PIF. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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