Effect of Na from soda lime glass substrate and as post deposition on Cu In,Ga Se2 absorbers A photoelectron spectroscopy study in ultra high vacuum
| Autor: | V. Parvan, Iver Lauermann, Dieter Greiner, I. Majumdar, Rutger Schlatmann |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Soda-lime glass
Solar cells of the next generation Materials science Ultra-high vacuum Analytical chemistry General Physics and Astronomy 02 engineering and technology Surfaces and Interfaces General Chemistry Substrate (electronics) 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Condensed Matter Physics 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences Surfaces Coatings and Films Chemical state X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Grain boundary 0210 nano-technology Deposition (law) Surface states |
| Popis: | Sodium is known to play a crucial role in thin-film solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorbers, however, the chemical state of Na in CIGSe is still under discussion. In this work, an Auger parameter analysis has been carried out to identify the differences in the chemical states of Na in CIGSe, originating from two different sources: the soda-lime glass substrate (Na-SLG) and from a post-deposition treatment (Na-PDT). In Na-PDT CIGSe, a Na state with extra positive charges, an InyOz phase, a reduced [Cu]/[In] or [Cu]/[Se] ratio at the surface and most favorable formation of NaCu defects indicates the possible formation of a (NaxCu1-x)(InyOz) complex compound. In Na-SLG CIGSe, only Na states possibly located at the grain boundaries at the absorber surface could be identified. Both CIGSe with sputtered Zn(O,S) buffer have been studied to gain an insight on the influence of the absorber surface states on the energy band line-up at the respective absorber/buffer interfaces. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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