Mechanism of human chorionic gonadotrophin-mediated immunomodulation in pregnancy
| Autor: | J. Richard Smith, Meen-Yau Thum, Shabana Bora, Srdjan Saso, Mark R. Johnson, Amolak S Bansal |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Abortion Habitual endocrine system Cellular immunity medicine.medical_specialty medicine.medical_treatment Immunology Chorionic Gonadotropin T-Lymphocytes Regulatory Preeclampsia Immune tolerance Immunomodulation HLA Antigens Pregnancy T-Lymphocyte Subsets Internal medicine Recurrent miscarriage Immune Tolerance Animals Humans Immunology and Allergy Medicine reproductive and urinary physiology Autoantibodies Immunity Cellular business.industry Placentation medicine.disease Cytokine Endocrinology Female business Luteinizing hormone hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists Hormone |
| Zdroj: | Expert Review of Clinical Immunology. 8:747-753 |
| ISSN: | 1744-8409 1744-666X |
| Popis: | Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is released within hours of fertilization and has a profound ability to downregulate maternal cellular immunity against trophoblastic paternal antigens. It also promotes angiogenic activity of the extravillous trophoblast, and impairment of this function may lead to inadequate placentation and an increased risk of preeclampsia. There is increasing evidence that hCG alters the activity of dendritic cells via an upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. This reduces T-cell activation and cytokine production, as well as encouraging Treg cell recruitment to the fetal-maternal interface. These changes are critical in promoting maternal tolerance. hCG is also able to increase the proliferation of uterine natural killer cells, while reducing the activity of cytotoxic peripheral blood natural killer cells. There are rare reports of autoantibodies directed against hCG or the luteinizing hormone/hCG receptor in women with recurrent miscarriage. These autoantibodies are more frequent in women with thyroid autoimmunity. This may explain the association between thyroid autoimmunity and impaired fertility. Downregulating these anti-hCG and anti-luteinizing hormone/hCG receptor autoantibodies may be helpful in some women with early miscarriage or recurrent failed in vitro fertilization. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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