Nutrient leaching and deep drainage under Eucalyptus plantations Managed in short rotations after afforestation of an African savanna: Two 7-year time series

Autor: Jacques Ranger, Lydie-Stella Koutika, Jean-Paul Laclau, Jean-Claude Mazoumbou, Jean de Dieu Nzila, Antoine Versini, Louis Mareschal, Jean-Pierre Bouillet, Philippe Deleporte
Přispěvatelé: Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité et la Productivité des Plantations Industrielles (CRDPI), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2013
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
01 natural sciences
nitrogen
forest
Nutrient
afforestation
Afforestation
Transport des substances nutritives
Drainage
Savane
2. Zero hunger
Biomass (ecology)
Eucalyptus
Agroforestry
Forestry
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
Plantation forestière
biological nitrification inhibition
ferralic areosol
Cycle de l'azote
hubbard brook
soil solution
P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol
Reconstitution forestière
land use change
Nutrient cycle
Management
Monitoring
Policy and Law
new hampshire
010603 evolutionary biology
congo
Fertilité du sol
chemical composition
Ecosystem
n mineralisation
Nature and Landscape Conservation
ecosystem
Rotation de coupe
clear cutting
15. Life on land
clonal stand
K10 - Production forestière
Soil water
nutrient leaching
040103 agronomy & agriculture
0401 agriculture
forestry
and fisheries
Environmental science
Minéralisation de l'azote
Zdroj: Forest Ecology and Management
Forest Ecology and Management, Elsevier, 2013, 307, pp.242-254. ⟨10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.038⟩
ISSN: 0378-1127
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.038⟩
Popis: African savannas developed an efficient strategy of nutrient uptake and control of nitrification making it possible to avoid large losses of nutrient by drainage. The conversion of native savanna into commercial forest plantations is an important global change driver that potentially impacts element cycles. Afforestation of native Congolese savannas by Eucalyptus started 30 years ago. Large amounts of nutrients are removed through biomass harvesting every 6-7 years. Losses of nutrients by deep drainage might be a serious threat for the sustainability of these plantations, established on sandy soils with high hydraulic conductivities. We compared the soil N-mineralisation, the nutrient fluxes and deep drainage beneath savanna and Eucalyptus plantation in Congo. Then, we discussed the strategy of nutrient recycling. The water fluxes at a depth of 400 cm were approximately 20% higher in the savanna than in Eucalyptus plantation. Although the nitrification rate and solution chemistry exhibited strong modifications during the first year following both savanna afforestation and the harvesting of the Eucalyptus stand, the losses of nutrients by deep drainage remained unexpectedly low. The largest fluxes of drainage at a depth of 6 m were found for NH4+-N, which reached a maximum of 0.4 g m(-2) yr(-1) in the second year following savanna afforestation and I g m(-2) yr(-1) in the first year after clear cutting. The deep drainage of NO3--N, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ did not exceed 0.2 g m(-2) yr(-1) in the savanna and at any stage of plantation development. These results are discussed regarding (i) the roots distribution in the soil of each ecosystem and (ii) the nutrient accumulation in biomass. The limited changes between the nutrient fluxes in both ecosystems were the result of fast root growth in the deep soil layers after planting, combined with an intense uptake of the tree roots to satisfy the large nutrient and water requirements for the development of tree crowns. Intense uptake and cycling of nutrients mitigated the risk due to clear cut and N fertilisation in this forest plantation. Nevertheless, forest managers must carefully fit fertilisation regimes to the nutrient requirements of new clone selected by breeding programmes and reduce as much as possible the delay between harvesting and re-planting to avoid high losses by deep drainage. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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