Spatial Heterogeneity of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Its Temporal Course on Arable Land: Combining Field Measurements, Remote Sensing and Simulation in a Comprehensive Data Analysis Approach (CDAA)
| Autor: | Guido Waldhoff, Karl Schneider, W. Korres, Florian Wilken, Carsten Montzka, Tim G. Reichenau, Anja Stadler, Peter Fiener |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Leaves
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Normal Distribution lcsh:Medicine Social Sciences Plant Science 01 natural sciences Remote Sensing Agricultural Soil Science Land Use lcsh:Science ddc:910 Multidisciplinary Geography Plant Anatomy Agriculture 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Plants Crop Production Spatial heterogeneity Europe Remote sensing (archaeology) Wheat Physical Sciences Engineering and Technology ddc:500 Research Article Soil Science Crops Human Geography Research and Analysis Methods Models Biological Normal distribution Model Organisms Plant and Algal Models Humans Computer Simulation Grasses Leaf area index 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Remote sensing Land use lcsh:R Ecology and Environmental Sciences Organisms Biology and Life Sciences Probability Theory Probability Distribution Field (geography) Maize Plant Leaves 040103 agronomy & agriculture Earth Sciences 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Environmental science lcsh:Q Spatial variability Frequency distribution Mathematics Crop Science Cereal Crops |
| Zdroj: | PLoS one 11(7), e0158451-(2016). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158451 PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 7, p e0158451 (2016) |
| Popis: | The ratio of leaf area to ground area (leaf area index, LAI) is an important state variable in ecosystem studies since it influences fluxes of matter and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere. As a basis for generating temporally continuous and spatially distributed datasets of LAI, the current study contributes an analysis of its spatial variability and spatial structure. Soil-vegetation-atmosphere fluxes of water, carbon and energy are nonlinearly related to LAI. Therefore, its spatial heterogeneity, i.e., the combination of spatial variability and structure, has an effect on simulations of these fluxes. To assess LAI spatial heterogeneity, we apply a Comprehensive Data Analysis Approach that combines data from remote sensing (5 m resolution) and simulation (150 m resolution) with field measurements and a detailed land use map. Test area is the arable land in the fertile loess plain of the Rur catchment on the Germany-Belgium-Netherlands border. LAI from remote sensing and simulation compares well with field measurements. Based on the simulation results, we describe characteristic crop-specific temporal patterns of LAI spatial variability. By means of these patterns, we explain the complex multimodal frequency distributions of LAI in the remote sensing data. In the test area, variability between agricultural fields is higher than within fields. Therefore, spatial resolutions less than the 5 m of the remote sensing scenes are sufficient to infer LAI spatial variability. Frequency distributions from the simulation agree better with the multimodal distributions from remote sensing than normal distributions do. The spatial structure of LAI in the test area is dominated by a short distance referring to field sizes. Longer distances that refer to soil and weather can only be derived from remote sensing data. Therefore, simulations alone are not sufficient to characterize LAI spatial structure. It can be concluded that a comprehensive picture of LAI spatial heterogeneity and its temporal course can contribute to the development of an approach to create spatially distributed and temporally continuous datasets of LAI. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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