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Introduction Preeclampsia is known to cause impairment of kidney function in pregnancy, which manifests as proteinuria. Previous studies have found an association between preeclampsia and kidney disease but were restricted in their numbers or had a short follow up time. Objectives To assess the long term effects of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on kidney function in later life. Methods From the Aberdeen maternity and neonatal databank (AMND), we identified the first singleton pregnancy of all women with date of birth on or before 30th June 1969. These women were linked by means of their identifying information to the local renal biochemistry database (GRBD). GRBD captures all kidney function tests from primary and secondary care in the health region. A cohort study design was used to assess the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for chronic kidney disease stage 1–5 (predefined based on internationally accepted KDOQI definition) occurring at least 1 year following delivery. Those with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were compared to normotensive women using multivariate logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders. Results A total of 14675 women who had been linked to the RBD and had complete information regarding age, socio-economic class, smoking category, and body mass index (BMI) were included in a multivariate model. The unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of having chronic kidney disease (according to previously stated definition) in preeclamptic women was 2.04 (1.53, 2.71) and that in women with gestational hypertension was 1.37 (1.15, 1.65), while the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of having chronic kidney disease was 1.93 (1.44, 2.57) and 1.36 (1.13, 1.63) in preeclamptic women and women with gestational hypertension respectively compared to women who were normotensive in their first pregnancy. Conclusion Women who had gestational hypertension or preeclampsia in their first pregnancy had a higher risk of impairment of renal function compared to women who were normotensive. |
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