Sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic health: the role of adipose tissue, muscle and liver

Autor: Ellen E. Blaak, Gijs H. Goossens, Johan W. E. Jocken
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Male
Endocrinology
Diabetes and Metabolism
estrogen-receptor-alpha
human skeletal-muscle
Physiology
Adipose tissue
FATTY-ACID-METABOLISM
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
induced insulin-resistance
LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE ACTIVITY
Lower risk
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Endocrinology
Risk Factors
Medicine
Animals
Humans
Obesity
Muscle
Skeletal
Sex Characteristics
business.industry
cardiovascular risk-factors
VISCERAL ADIPOCYTE HYPERTROPHY
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Skeletal muscle
POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME
medicine.disease
hormone-binding globulin
Sexual dimorphism
Menopause
FASTING PLASMA-GLUCOSE
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Adipose Tissue
Liver
Cardiovascular Diseases
Female
Insulin Resistance
business
Sex characteristics
Zdroj: Nature reviews. Endocrinology. 17(1)
ISSN: 1759-5037
Popis: This Review provides insight into sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue distribution and substrate metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The effects of these sex differences on cardiometabolic health are outlined and the potential for developing sex-specific prevention and treatment strategies is discussed.Obesity is associated with many adverse health effects, such as an increased cardiometabolic risk. Despite higher adiposity for a given BMI, premenopausal women are at lower risk of cardiometabolic disease than men of the same age. This cardiometabolic advantage in women seems to disappear after the menopause or when type 2 diabetes mellitus develops. Sexual dimorphism in substrate supply and utilization, deposition of excess lipids and mobilization of stored lipids in various key metabolic organs (such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and the liver) are associated with differences in tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic risk profiles between men and women. Moreover, lifestyle-related factors and epigenetic and genetic mechanisms seem to affect metabolic complications and disease risk in a sex-specific manner. This Review provides insight into sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue distribution, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver substrate metabolism and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in humans, as well as the underlying mechanisms, and addresses the effect of these sex differences on cardiometabolic health. Additionally, this Review highlights the implications of sexual dimorphism in the pathophysiology of obesity-related cardiometabolic risk for the development of sex-specific prevention and treatment strategies.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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