Did increased flooding during the African Humid Period force migration of modern humans from the Nile Valley?

Autor: Hossam Khairy, Mostafa El-wakil, Saleh A. Eltayeb, Georgina E. King, Sébastien Castelltort, Negar Haghipour, Salah Ahmed, Robert Giegengack, Abdallah S. Zaki, Mathieu Schuster, Sanjeev Gupta, Frédéric Herman, Stephen E. Watkins
Přispěvatelé: Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Quaternary Science Reviews, 272
Quaternary Science Reviews
Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier, 2021, 272, pp.107200. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107200⟩
ISSN: 0277-3791
Popis: During the Quaternary period, the eastern Sahara's hydroclimate oscillated between wet and dry intervals. These oscillations caused drastic changes in precipitation rates, often associated with ancient human migrations. In particular, significant migration of riparian populations from the Nile Valley to the west and northwestward of the Sahara occurred during the African Humid Period (AHP), an episode of increased monsoons, which characterized North Africa in response to increasing insolation. Several fossil rivers, now preserved as ridges throughout southern Egypt due to their floodplains' deflation, contain archeological artifacts and thus represent a potentially important record of fluvial activity during this episode of past human dynamics and environmental change. Here we present 14C and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) ages of sediments preserved in these palaeorivers, which cluster within the AHP and are thus consistent with increased fluvial activity during this distinct humid period. Palaeohydraulic reconstructions based on grain size, channel geometry, and drainage area suggest typical precipitation intensities of 55–80 mm/h during sediment transport events. Given previous annual rainfall estimates, these hydrologic conditions may have lasted, or occurred, during the AHP up to 3–4 times more frequently than before and after this period. Such intense fluvial activity is consistent with monsoon intensification and may have rendered the area inhospitable for human settlements, congruent with population migration out of the Nile Valley during the AHP. These findings highlight links between past human ecodynamics and environmental signals, providing a concrete narrative of human population response to warming with potential echo in the current situation. ISSN:0277-3791
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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