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Individual social movement organizations (SMOs) play a significant role in mobilizing social movement activity and it is common for scholars to take the powerful analytic advantage of aggregating all of the SMOs that identify themselves with a particular social movement in their analyses. Such aggregates of SMOs have been termed social movement industries (SMIs), conceptualized as similar to the many industrial categories of firms that compose an economy. All SMIs in a nation make up the social movement sector (SMS) (McCarthy & Zald 1977). The size and structure of SMIs has been hypothesized to have important consequences for the likelihood of a social movement's success (Zald & McCarthy 1980). Although the SMI designation has not gained the widespread usage of SMO, nevertheless, many analysts of social movements have more or less consciously adopted its fundamental insight and gone on to proliferate acronyms to conceptually bound an SMI, the organizational analogue of a social movement. These include, among many others, peace movement organizations (PMOs), environmental movement organizations (EMOs), and health social movement organizations (HSMOs). Keywords: institutionalization; movements; resource mobilization |
