Foundation species enhance food web complexity through non-trophic facilitation
| Autor: | Jan Willem Wolters, Jildou Schotanus, Tjisse van der Heide, Wilco C. E. P. Verberk, Christine Angelini, Annieke Borst, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen, Els M. van der Zee, Marlous Derksen-Hooijberg |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Van der Heide group |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS
0106 biological sciences Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Animal Ecology and Physiology INCREASES HABITAT STRUCTURE DIVERSITY lcsh:Medicine Water en Voedsel 01 natural sciences Food chain lcsh:Science Trophic level Principal Component Analysis Multidisciplinary Behavior Animal Ecology Biodiversity Food web Founder Effect Facilitation Engineering sciences. Technology Dominance-Subordination Food Chain ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS ORGANIZATION Biology 010603 evolutionary biology Ecosystem engineer Onderzoeksformatie Species Specificity Life Science Animals Ecosystem Symbiosis CONSEQUENCES WIMEK Water and Food STABILITY 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology lcsh:R Aquatic Ecology Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer Ecological network Climate Resilience Klimaatbestendigheid Predatory Behavior Foundation species lcsh:Q COMMUNITIES Environmental Sciences |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, 13(8) PLoS ONE 13 (2018) 8 PLoS One, 13, 1-15 PLoS ONE, 13(8):0199152. PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PLoS One, 13, 8, pp. 1-15 PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 8, p e0199152 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | Food webs are an integral part of every ecosystem on the planet, yet understanding the mechanisms shaping these complex networks remains a major challenge. Recently, several studies suggested that non-trophic species interactions such as habitat modification and mutual isms can be important determinants of food web structure. However, it remains unclear whether these findings generalize across ecosystems, and whether non-trophic interactions affect food webs randomly, or affect specific trophic levels or functional groups. Here, we combine analyses of 58 food webs from seven terrestrial, freshwater and coastal systems to test (1) the general hypothesis that non-trophic facilitation by habitat-forming foundation species enhances food web complexity, and (2) whether these enhancements have either random or targeted effects on particular trophic levels, functional groups, and linkages throughout the food web. Our empirical results demonstrate that foundation species consistently enhance food web complexity in all seven ecosystems. Further analyses reveal that 15 out of 19 food web properties can be well-approximated by assuming that foundation species randomly facilitate species throughout the trophic network. However, basal species are less strongly, and carnivores are more strongly facilitated in foundation species' food webs than predicted based on random facilitation, resulting in a higher mean trophic level and a longer average chain length. Overall, we conclude that foundation species strongly enhance food web complexity through non-trophic facilitation of species across the entire trophic network. We therefore suggest that the structure and stability of food webs often depends critically on non-trophic facilitation by foundation species. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|