The Costs of Living Together: Immune Responses to the Microbiota and Chronic Gut Inflammation
Autor: | Lucas J. Kirschman, Kathryn Milligan-Myhre |
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Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Gut inflammation Ecoimmunology Biology Gut flora digestive system 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Life history theory 03 medical and health sciences Immune system biology.animal Animals Humans Immunity Mucosal Mucosal immunity 030304 developmental biology Inflammation 0303 health sciences Host Microbial Interactions Ecology Vertebrate biology.organism_classification Meeting Review Gastrointestinal Microbiome Food restriction Immunology Dysbiosis Food Science Biotechnology |
Zdroj: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 85 |
ISSN: | 1098-5336 0099-2240 |
Popis: | While the vertebrate microbiota is critical to the normal function of many host traits, hosts may expend a large amount of energy to constrain and interface with their microbiota via their immune system to avoid the high fitness costs associated with gut dysbiosis, pathobionts, and opportunistic pathogens. All jawed vertebrates share mucosal immunity dedicated to isolating the microbiota, and a breakdown of this system can result in chronic gut inflammation. In humans, chronic gut inflammation negatively affects growth and development. There is little information available on the prevalence of chronic gut inflammation in wild animals, but given that animals with different life histories emphasize different immune responses, it follows that wild animals may vary in their susceptibility to chronic gut inflammation, and most animals will experience signaling that can lead to this state. These can be top-down signals originating from sources like the central nervous system or bottom-up signals originating from changes in the gut microbiota. The sources of these signals might include stress, developmental transitions, food restriction, and dietary shifts. Here, we briefly discuss host-microbiota interactions from the perspective of life history theory and ecoimmunology, focusing on the mucosal immune system and chronic gut inflammation. We also include future directions for research and the tools necessary to investigate them. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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