Validating the Real-Time Performance of Distributed Energy Resources Participating on Primary Frequency Reserves
| Autor: | Seppo Sierla, Niko Karhula, Valeriy Vyatkin |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Technology
Control and Optimization ancillary service Computer science FLEXIBILITY Distributed computing LEVEL Control (management) Energy Engineering and Power Technology AUTOMATION LED lighting computer.software_genre BATTERY STORAGE law.invention News aggregator Demand response DEMAND RESPONSE Operator (computer programming) law NarrowBand-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering (miscellaneous) Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry Testbed Bandwidth (signal processing) SERVICES FRAMEWORK MODEL LED lamp demand response Distributed generation aggregator TEST-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT primary frequency reserve business computer SYSTEM Energy (miscellaneous) |
| Zdroj: | Energies; Volume 14; Issue 21; Pages: 6914 Energies, Vol 14, Iss 6914, p 6914 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1996-1073 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/en14216914 |
| Popis: | A significant body of research has emerged for adapting diverse intelligent distributed energy resources to provide primary frequency reserves (PFR). However, such works are usually vague about the technical specifications for PFR. Industrial practitioners designing systems for PFR markets must pre-qualify their PFR resources against the specifications of the market operator, which is usually a transmission system operator (TSO) or independent system operator (ISO). TSO and ISO requirements for PFR have been underspecified with respect to real-time performance, but as fossil-fuel based PFR is being replaced by various distributed energy resources, these requirements are being tightened. The TSOs of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden have recently released a joint pilot phase specification with novel requirements on the dynamic performance of PFR resources. This paper presents an automated procedure for performing the pre-qualification procedure against this specification. The procedure is generic and has been demonstrated with a testbed of light emitting diode (LED) lights. The implications of low bandwidth Internet of Things communications, as well as the need to avoid abrupt control actions that irritate human users, have been investigated in the automated procedure. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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