Infectious KoRV-related retroviruses circulating in Australian bats
| Autor: | Claudia Kohl, Brianna Jesaveluk, Michelle L. Baker, Georg Hille, Cecilia A. Sánchez, Adam Johnson, Pantelis Poumbourios, Ina Smith, Andreas Nitsche, Adam Werner, Gary Crameri, Edward C. Holmes, Megan Dearnley, Glenn A. Marsh, Gilda Tachedjian, Lin-Fa Wang, Mary Tachedjian, Philip D Solymosi, Christine Langer, Dimitri Kontos, Joshua A. Hayward, Heidi E. Drummer |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Disease reservoir
retroviruses viruses Population bats Zoology Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Retrovirus Chiroptera Murine leukemia virus Animals Phascolarctidae education GALV 030304 developmental biology Gammaretrovirus Disease Reservoirs 0303 health sciences education.field_of_study Multidisciplinary biology 030306 microbiology KoRV Australia Biological Sciences biology.organism_classification 3. Good health Koala retrovirus Pteropus alecto |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 0027-8424 |
| Popis: | Significance Bats represent 20% of all mammalian species and are an important reservoir of viruses that infect humans and other mammals. Retroviruses, such as HIV, are among the most important zoonotic viruses infecting humans, although little is known about their circulation in bat populations. We report the first exogenous retrovirus described in bats, the Hervey pteropid gammaretrovirus (HPG), a reproduction-competent retrovirus within northeast Australia. Koala populations are currently in severe decline and at risk from koala retrovirus (KoRV), which is closely related to HPG and whose origins remain unclear. The identification of bats as a source of diverse infectious retroviruses related to KoRV implicates bats as a reservoir of KoRV-related viruses that potentially can be transmitted to other mammalian species. Bats are reservoirs of emerging viruses that are highly pathogenic to other mammals, including humans. Despite the diversity and abundance of bat viruses, to date they have not been shown to harbor exogenous retroviruses. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a group of koala retrovirus-related (KoRV-related) gammaretroviruses in Australian and Asian bats. These include the Hervey pteropid gammaretrovirus (HPG), identified in the scat of the Australian black flying fox (Pteropus alecto), which is the first reproduction-competent retrovirus found in bats. HPG is a close relative of KoRV and the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), with virion morphology and Mn2+-dependent virion-associated reverse transcriptase activity typical of a gammaretrovirus. In vitro, HPG is capable of infecting bat and human cells, but not mouse cells, and displays a similar pattern of cell tropism as KoRV-A and GALV. Population studies reveal the presence of HPG and KoRV-related sequences in several locations across northeast Australia, as well as serologic evidence for HPG in multiple pteropid bat species, while phylogenetic analysis places these bat viruses as the basal group within the KoRV-related retroviruses. Taken together, these results reveal bats to be important reservoirs of exogenous KoRV-related gammaretroviruses. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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