Human and animal cystic echinococcosis in Tataouine governorate: hypoendemic area in a hyperendemic country, myth or reality?

Autor: Hamouda Babba, Selim M’rad, Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Massaouda Ghrab
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Male
Veterinary medicine
Endemic Diseases
Epidemiology
Environmental contamination
Infectious and parasitic diseases
RC109-216
Dog faeces
Serology
0302 clinical medicine
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Prevalence
Dog Diseases
Echinococcus granulosus
Child
Aged
80 and over
Serodiagnosis
biology
Incidence (epidemiology)
Goats
Incidence
030108 mycology & parasitology
Middle Aged
Infectious Diseases
Child
Preschool
Livestock
Female
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Genotyping
Camelus
Tunisia
Adolescent
030231 tropical medicine
Cattle Diseases
Sheep Diseases
Food Contamination
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
Dogs
Echinococcosis
parasitic diseases
medicine
Seroprevalence
Animals
Humans
Feces
Aged
Goat Diseases
Sheep
business.industry
Research
Infant
Newborn
Infant
biology.organism_classification
Cystic echinococcosis
Parasitology
Tropical medicine
Cattle
business
Zdroj: Parasites & Vectors
Parasites & Vectors, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
ISSN: 1756-3305
Popis: Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) has a worldwide distribution and is especially prevalent in North African countries. With a mean annual surgical incidence (ASI) of CE of 12.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, Tunisia is one of the most CE endemic countries in the Mediterranean area. Tataouine governorate is considered to be the most CE hypoendemic region in Tunisia (ASI = 0.92) despite favourable socioeconomic conditions that enable maintenance of the Echinococcus granulosussensu lato (s.l.) life-cycle and a significant environmental contamination with E. granulosuss.l. eggs. The aim of this study was to assess human CE seroprevalence, prevalence of CE in food animals and environmental contamination by E. granulosus s.l. eggs in different districts of Tataouine governorate. Methods This study was conducted from January to December 2018. A total of 374 human sera samples were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against E. granulosus using a commercial ELISA kit. Specimens were also collected from animals slaughtered at the Tataouine abattoir (n = 8609) and examined for the presence of hydatid cysts; 111 hydatid cysts were genotyped. Eggs of E. granulosuss.l. were identified by PCR and DNA sequencing from dog faecal samples (n = 288). Results Serological tests showed that 8.5% of the sera samples tested were positive for E. granulosus-specific antibodies. The average prevalence of hydatidosis in livestock was 1.6%, and CE infection was more prevalent in cattle than in sheep, goats and dromedaries. The contamination rate of dog faeces by E. granulosus sensu stricto eggs varied significantly from 0 to 23.5% depending on the collection area. Molecular analyses only revealed the presence of the G1 genotype for cysts and eggs. Conclusions Based on our findings, CE is likely to be more endemic in the Tataouine governorate than previously described. Thus, to implement an effective control programme against CE, a national survey should be carried out to determine human CE prevalence in the different Tunisian governorates. Graphical Abstract
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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