Importance of radiative effects in gap opening by planets in protoplanetary disks
| Autor: | Cornelis P. Dullemond, Wilhelm Kley, Alexandros Ziampras |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
Physics Equation of state Spiral galaxy 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences FOS: Physical sciences Astronomy and Astrophysics Astrophysics 01 natural sciences Isothermal process Azimuth Space and Planetary Science Planet Primary (astronomy) 0103 physical sciences Energy equation Radiative transfer Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics 010303 astronomy & astrophysics Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Astronomy & Astrophysics. 637:A50 |
| ISSN: | 1432-0746 0004-6361 |
| DOI: | 10.1051/0004-6361/201937048 |
| Popis: | Recent ALMA observations revealed concentric annular structures in several young class-II objects. In an attempt to produce the rings and gaps in some of these systems, they have been modeled numerically with a single embedded planet assuming a locally isothermal equation of state. This is often justified by observations targeting the irradiation-dominated outer regions of disks (approximately 100 au). We test this assumption by conducting hydrodynamics simulations of embedded planets in thin locally isothermal and radiative disks that mimic the systems HD 163296 and AS 209 in order to examine the effect of including the energy equation in a seemingly locally isothermal environment as far as planet-disk interaction is concerned. We find that modeling such disks with an ideal equation of state makes a difference in terms of the number of produced rings and the spiral arm contrast in the disk. Locally isothermal disks produce sharper annular or azimuthal features and overestimate a single planet's gap-opening capabilities by producing multiple gaps. In contrast, planets in radiative disks carve a single gap for typical disk parameters. Consequently, for accurate modeling of planets with semimajor axes up to about 100 au, radiative effects should be taken into account even in seemingly locally isothermal disks. In addition, for the case of AS 209, we find that the primary gap is significantly different between locally isothermal and radiative models. Our results suggest that multiple planets are required to explain the ring-rich structures in such systems. Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A) |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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