Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Hypogonadism
| Autor: | Parviz K. Kavoussi, Raymond A. Costabile, Ryan P. Smith, Karen Wheeler, Devang Sharma |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators medicine.medical_specialty Urology Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism media_common.quotation_subject 030232 urology & nephrology Fertility Clomiphene Male infertility 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Endocrinology medicine Humans Adverse effect Testosterone media_common 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine business.industry Hypogonadism Obstetrics and Gynecology medicine.disease Psychiatry and Mental health Reproductive Medicine Gynecomastia Selective estrogen receptor modulator Female business Luteinizing hormone Body mass index |
| Zdroj: | Sexual Medicine Reviews. 7:272-276 |
| ISSN: | 2050-0521 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.10.001 |
| Popis: | Introduction Clomiphene citrate (CC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has been used for the treatment of hypogonadism in men since the 1970s. It acts centrally to increase secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, thereby increasing testosterone production and serum levels. Unlike testosterone replacement therapy, CC does not suppress the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, preserving intratesticular testosterone production and spermatogenesis. This is especially useful in treating hypogonadal men who are interested in fertility. Aim To review the literature regarding the use of CC in the setting of hypogonadism. Methods A review of the relevant literature through September 2018 was performed via PubMed. Main Outcome Measure The data regarding the efficacy and safety of CC when used in the setting of hypogonadism is summarized. Results Although results are mixed, many studies show CC reduces symptoms in hypogonadal men. Studies have also shown improvement in erectile function and bone mineral density, as well as a reduction in body mass index. There have been few studies investigating fertility rates in hypogonadal men treated with CC, but a metaanalysis of these shows significant improvement in fertility rates. Several studies show improvement in semen parameters. Few studies have investigated adverse effects of the drug. Reports include headache, dizziness, gynecomastia, and exacerbation of psychiatric illnesses. Despite these reports, CC is generally considered to be safe and well tolerated. Conclusion CC is safe and effective and should remain in the armament of urologists treating hypogonadal men, especially men interested in preservation of fertility. Wheeler KM, Sharma D, Kavoussi PK, et al. Clomiphene citrate for the treatment of hypogonadism. Sex Med Rev 2019;7:272–276. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|