Dimenzije dugoga trajanja crkve sv. Ivana na Birnju u Kaštel Lukšiću (1276. – 2020.)

Autor: Mladenko Domazet
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Croatica Christiana periodica
Volume 45
Issue 88
ISSN: 1848-9982
0350-7823
DOI: 10.53745/ccp.45.88.1
Popis: Biranj kao lokalitet na brdu Kozjak iznad Kaštela ima prapovijesne i antičke slojeve, no rad je ponajprije usmjeren na crkvu sv. Ivana Krstitelja, koja egzistira kroz različita povijesna razdoblja. Prvi njezin poznati spomen nailazimo u notarskom spisu trogirske općine iz 1276. godine. Samim time, crkva je utemeljena kao beneficij i po tome ključu uzdržavala se stoljećima, a potomci osnivača beneficija među sobom uredovno su birali klerika/upravitelja sve do njegova ukinuća 1806. godine. Uz crkvu sv. Ivana Krstitelja također je osnovana Bratovština sv. Ivana Krstitelja, koja se prvi put navodi u vizitaciji biskupa Jordana Paxa iz 1641. godine. Prva crkva sv. Ivana Krstitelja sagrađena je u romaničkom slogu krajem 12. ili početkom 13. stoljeća, da bi potom bila obnovljena 1444. godine, zadržavši apsidu prvotne crkve na koju je dograđen kasnogotički dio i naposljetku novovjekovno produženje 1888. godine. Zapravo, štovanje sv. Ivana Krstitelja na tom prostoru traje u kontinuitetu od srednjeg vijeka do naših dana, ono se očituje neprekinutim hodočašćima i održavanjem tog sakralnog objekta na brdu Kozjak kroz različita povijesna razdoblja.
Church of St John the Baptist at Biranj was founded as a medieval benefice. Namely, the first mention about it one can find in 1276 in a notarial record of Trogir commune. According to this document the patronage over the church belonged to certain prominent individuals from village Ostrog since they have built this church with their money and above this bequeathed twelve possessions situated on both sides of the Kozjak mountain. Moreover, heirs of the founders maintained this sacral edifice at the Kozjak mountain, and among themselves have elected manager of the benefice of St John at Biranj, as well as they have gathered at holy masses and organized feasts in occasions of the St John day. Furthermore, in the following years next to the church of St John the Baptist, the confraternity of the same name was founded; the first mention of this confraternity is recorded in the visitations of bishop Jordan Pax in 1641. In 1444 the church of St John was renovated, and during this renovation, the original apse from the Romanesque period was preserved, though the entire edifice was renovated in the late Gothic style. On all four corners of the church of St John one can find four identical inscriptions »HRISTOS REX VENIT IN PACE ET DEUS HOMO FACTUS EST« (Christ the King came in peace and God became a man). This renovation is emphasized in the inscription that was originally placed on the front facade of the late Gothic church. Namely, in this inscription it is clearly stated that renovation was organized and completed by the heirs of the founders of the benefice, together with the parish priest (plebanus), that is noble Gregory as it is described in the inscription, in 1444 as »a vow for the salvation of their souls and the souls of their kin, as well as all others who have patronage over this church«. By the end of the fifteenth and during the sixteenth century struggle against Ottoman Empire became everyday reality in this region, and with the ending of the War of Cyprus the church of St John at Biranj remained on the Venetian territory, but in the vicinity of the borderline with the Ottoman Empire. Due to this borderline position the church suffered multiple damages, but in spite this fact all the time church remained in function and mass was served each holiday of St John the Baptist, which was followed by, as it was usual, a feast for the heirs of former founders of the benefice. This borderline situation remained until the time of the War of Candia (1648). Benefice and confraternity of St John at Biranj were abolished during the French administration. Therefore, the administrative parish office (»Crkovinarstvo«) of Kaštel Lukšić began to take care of the church, and consequently, Crkovinarstvo governed its renovation in 1887 and 1888. They obtained a new statue of St John the Baptist and expanded the church towards the west. When this renovation was completed, the church was blessed by Dominican abbot Anđelo Marija Miškov. The fact that people from Kaštel Lukšić during the long-time span, that is from the medieval period up to the present days, have supported the church of St John the Baptist at Biranj, clearly reflects their permanent devotion and piety. Moreover, this is abundantly corroborated by various forms of piety and customs in honor of this saint, which includes pilgrimages, liturgical celebrations at Biranj, blessings of the field, sacraments of confession, celebrating Bonfire Night, etc.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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