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Purpose This work was done to study whether regional differences in dietary patterns in India has a role in nutrition related health outcomes such as anemia, obesity, undernutrition, and high blood glucose. Methods It was an ecological study using data on food consumption and nutrition related health outcomes extracted from household consumer expenditure survey (2011), and National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) (2015-16), respectively. Data were extracted at district level from both these surveys and analysed separately for rural and urban regions. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis and their correlation with health outcomes were analysed by spatial regression analysis. Results Four major dietary patterns were observed and were similar between rural and urban regions. ‘Milk and wheat rich diet’ was positively associated with prevalence of anemia among men. ‘Rice and meat rich diet’ and ‘Coconut and sea food rich diet’ were positively associated with prevalence of overweight BMI and high blood glucose in women. ‘Coconut and sea food rich diet’ was negatively associated with prevalence of underweight BMI and anemia in women. ‘Refined oil and tur dal rich diet’ was positively associated with overweight BMI and hypertension and negatively associated with underweight BMI and anemia in men and women. These associations were significant after adjusting for differences in socio-economic development. Conclusions Four major dietary patterns were associated with several nutrition related health outcomes. The mechanism of these associations must be explored further. |
