Interpreting sulfated crusts on natural building stones using sulfur contour maps and infrared thermography
| Autor: | Mehmet Bahadır Tosunlar, Mehmet Ergün Hatir, Mehmet Yavuz Hüseyinca, Mustafa Korkanç, İsmail İnce, Latif Özen, Ali Bozdağ |
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| Přispěvatelé: | 0-Belirlenecek, Korkanç, M., Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey, Industrial Raw Materials and Building Materials Application and Research Center, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey -- Hüseyinca, M.Y., Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey -- Hatır, M.E., Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, Faculty of Fine Arts, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey -- Tosunlar, M.B., Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey -- Bozdağ, A., Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey -- Özen, L., Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Ankara, Turkey -- İnce, İ., Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Infrared
0208 environmental biotechnology Soil Science Mineralogy chemistry.chemical_element 02 engineering and technology Konya 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Ince Minareli Madrasa chemistry.chemical_compound Karatay Madrasa Thermal Environmental Chemistry Sulfate Water content Sulfur contour maps 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Earth-Surface Processes Water Science and Technology Global and Planetary Change Anomaly (natural sciences) Portable XRF Geology Pollution Sulfur 020801 environmental engineering chemistry Contour line Thermography Infrared thermography |
| Popis: | In this study, the effect of sulfation due to air pollution in the portals of the Ince Minareli Madrasa built of pyroclastic rocks and the Karatay Madrasas (Konya, Turkey) built of marble was investigated. Since the sulfur element in sulfate salts is represented as sulfate, the sulfur contour maps (SCM), obtained by transferring the portable X-ray fluorescence measurements onto the orthophotographs, also show the sulfated crust formation, distribution and anomaly regions on the portal surfaces. Additionally, the anomaly regions originating from the difference in thermal conduction between the sulfated crusts and portal surfaces on thermal camera images were determined, and they were observed to be compatible with the anomaly regions on SCM. However, the size of this correlation depends on the chemistry of the building stone and the thickness of the sulfated crusts. Then, it was determined that the anomaly regions on SCM were distributed in relation to the washing out of sulfated crusts by rainfall and capillary moisture content. Accordingly, portal surfaces were divided into three as the sheltered, washing and capillary regions. Consequently, it was demonstrated that the sulfation effect due to air pollution on historical building surfaces which have appropriate rock chemistry can be determined by non-destructive testing methods like using the SCM supported by infrared thermography. The fact that the method is simple and repeatable and is easily applicable to other buildings was considered as the most important success of the method. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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