Analysis of Environmental Taxes to Finance Wastewater Treatment in Spain: An Opportunity for Regeneration?
| Autor: | José Antonio Sánchez Pérez, Leticia Gallego Valero, Isabel María Román Sánchez, Encarnación Moral Pajares |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:Hydraulic engineering
depuration costs Sanitation sanitation 0208 environmental biotechnology Geography Planning and Development 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Aquatic Science Reuse 01 natural sciences Biochemistry lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes lcsh:TC1-978 Revenue Regeneration (ecology) health care economics and organizations 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology Finance lcsh:TD201-500 business.industry Investment (macroeconomics) depuration treatments reuse sanitary tax 020801 environmental engineering Activated sludge Wastewater Sewage treatment Business |
| Zdroj: | Water; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 226 riUAL. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Almería Universidad de Almería Water, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 226 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4441 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/w10020226 |
| Popis: | The treatment of wastewater, financed through environmental taxes, is key to the development of a sustainable economy. The objective of this study is to verify whether the tax loads on wastewater discharges applied in Spain are effective, allowing the costs of secondary and tertiary treatments to be financed. First, the revenues collected from taxes related to the discharge of wastewater in the different Spanish regions, which reach an average value of 0.72 €/m3, are analysed. Second, the costs of secondary wastewater treatment, prolonged aeration, activated sludge with nutrient removal, and activated sludge without nutrient removal are studied. Additionally, the costs of tertiary treatments, with environmental objectives and for reuse purposes, are considered. The analysis carried out reveals high heterogeneity in the amounts collected through taxes in the different Autonomous Communities. In some cases, these amounts do not cover the costs of the treatments. An urgent review is therefore required of the financing systems applied in order to secure a level of income that can cover all the exploitation and investment costs incurred. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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