Reframing the concept of alternative livelihoods

Autor: Juliet H. Wright, M. Day, E. J. Milner-Gulland, Dilys Roe, Noëlle F. Kümpel, J. M. Rowcliffe, Francesca Booker, Nicholas Hill
Přispěvatelé: Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
Employment
Conservation of Natural Resources
Work
diversification
poverty
05 Environmental Sciences
Psychological intervention
manejo de recursos naturales
010501 environmental sciences
Diversification (marketing strategy)
010603 evolutionary biology
01 natural sciences
12. Responsible consumption
complejidad
integrated conservation and development projects
Terminology as Topic
11. Sustainability
diversificación
Environmental impact assessment
Natural resource management
Environmental planning
Ecology
Evolution
Behavior and Systematics
subsistencias sustentables
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Nature and Landscape Conservation
2. Zero hunger
Family Characteristics
Ecology
business.industry
pobreza
Environmental resource management
Cognitive reframing
06 Biological Sciences
15. Life on land
Livelihood
Natural resource
sustainable livelihoods
Conservation Practice and Policy
Environmental Policy
conservación integrada y proyectos de desarrollo
13. Climate action
natural resource management
Sustainability
07 Agricultural And Veterinary Sciences
business
complexity
Zdroj: Conservation Biology
ISSN: 1523-1739
0888-8892
Popis: Alternative livelihood project (ALP) is a widely used term for interventions that aim to reduce the prevalence of activities deemed to be environmentally damaging by substituting them with lower impact livelihood activities that provide at least equivalent benefits. ALPs are widely implemented in conservation, but in 2012, an International Union for Conservation of Nature resolution called for a critical review of such projects based on concern that their effectiveness was unproven. We focused on the conceptual design of ALPs by considering their underlying assumptions. We placed ALPs within a broad category of livelihood‐focused interventions to better understand their role in conservation and their intended impacts. We dissected 3 flawed assumptions about ALPs based on the notions of substitution, the homogenous community, and impact scalability. Interventions based on flawed assumptions about people's needs, aspirations, and the factors that influence livelihood choice are unlikely to achieve conservation objectives. We therefore recommend use of a sustainable livelihoods approach to understand the role and function of environmentally damaging behaviors within livelihood strategies; differentiate between households in a community that have the greatest environmental impact and those most vulnerable to resource access restrictions to improve intervention targeting; and learn more about the social–ecological system within which household livelihood strategies are embedded. Rather than using livelihood‐focused interventions as a direct behavior‐change tool, it may be more appropriate to focus on either enhancing the existing livelihood strategies of those most vulnerable to conservation‐imposed resource access restrictions or on use of livelihood‐focused interventions that establish a clear link to conservation as a means of building good community relations. However, we recommend that the term ALP be replaced by the broader term livelihood‐focused intervention. This avoids the implicit assumption that alternatives can fully substitute for natural resource‐based livelihood activities.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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