Epidermal Compromise in American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
| Autor: | Georg Kraal, Olivia Oriol, Félix J. Tapia, M. A. Sanchez, Gisela Cáceres-Dittmar |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Předmět: |
Cell type
Receptors Antigen T-Cell alpha-beta T-Lymphocytes Leishmaniasis Cutaneous Dermatology Biology Biochemistry Mice Immune system Cutaneous leishmaniasis medicine Animals Humans Skin Diseases Parasitic Molecular Biology Mice Inbred BALB C Epidermis (botany) Leishmaniasis Receptors Antigen T-Cell gamma-delta Dendritic Cells HLA-DR Antigens Cell Biology medicine.disease Leishmania biology.organism_classification Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Real-time polymerase chain reaction Epidermal Cells Langerhans Cells Immunology Cytokines Tumor necrosis factor alpha Epidermis Cell Adhesion Molecules |
| Zdroj: | Scopus-Elsevier |
| ISSN: | 0022-202X |
| DOI: | 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12669972 |
| Popis: | In American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), Leishmania parasites enter the epidermis of the host via the bite of infected sandflies. Immune responses against the parasite vary from "effective" in localized (LCL) to a state of "selective anergy" in diffuse (DCL) cutaneous leishmaniasis, whereas the intermediate muco-cutaneous form (MCL) is characterized by an exacerbated cell-mediated immunity. We have shown that in LCL epidermis, Langerhans cells (LC) are increased, HLA-DR is universally expressed and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) immunoreactivity is distributed in patches. In addition, mRNA for IL-1 beta, IL-8, TNF alpha, TNF beta, and INF gamma may be detected in epidermal sheets by reverse transcriptase followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In contrast, DCL epidermis shows fewer LC than LCL epidermis, and expression of ICAM-1, HLA-DR, and IL-1 beta mRNA cannot be detected. MCL lesions show a mucosal epithelium lacking LC, but ICAM-1 is universally expressed. The clinical manifestations of ACL can be reproduced experimentally in different strains of inbred mice. In healthy mice, we have shown a positive correlation between LC and dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC) numbers. This correlation was not, however, observed in L. mexicana-infected mice, suggesting that infection alters the balance between the two cell types. In addition, agents that modulate LC and DETC cell densities change the development of experimental leishmaniasis. These results suggest that the epidermis is essential in determining the type of immune response that is developed against the Leishmania parasites. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|