Evaluation of the Adsorption Efficacy of Bentonite on Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Contaminated Milk

Autor: Hamad, Gamal M., El-Makarem, Hussein S Abo, Allam, Marwa G., El Okle, Osama S., El-Toukhy, Marwa I., Mehany, Taha, El-Halmouch, Yasser, Abushaala, Mukhtar M F, Saad, Mohamed S., Korma, Sameh A., Ibrahim, Salam A., Hafez, Elsayed E., Amer, Amr, Ali, Eman, 0000-0002-8910-4038, 0000-0002-9839-9317, 0000-0001-7960-7558, 0000-0001-8385-2599, 0000-0001-5395-9993, 0000-0003-4044-5103, 0000-0002-5495-5828, 0000-0001-9148-6496
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Toxins
Volume 15
Issue 2
Pages: 107
ISSN: 2072-6651
Popis: The existence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk results in economic losses and public health risks. This research aims to examine the capability of bentonite to adsorb and/or eliminate AFM1 from various raw milk types. In addition, the effects of numerous bentonites (HAFR 1, 2, 3 and 4) on the nutritional characteristics of the milk were studied. Our findings revealed that goat milk had the highest value of AFM1 (490.30 ng/L) in comparison to other milks. AFM1 adsorption was influenced by applying bentonite (0.5 and 1 g) in a concentration-dependent manner for different time intervals (from 0 to 12 h). The percentage of AFM1 reached the maximum adsorption level after 12 h to 100, 98.5 and 98% for bentonites HAFR 3, 1 and 2, respectively. HAFR 3 (1 g bentonite) presented higher adsorption efficiency than other bentonites used in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and milk. Residual levels of AFM1 reached their lowest values of 0 and 1.5 ng/L while using HAFR 3 in PBS and milk, respectively. With regard to the influence of bentonite on the nutritional characteristics of milk, there was an increase in fat, protein and solid non-fat ratio while using HAFR 3 and 4, yet decreased lactose in comparison with the control. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy both identified bentonites as superior AFM1 binders. The results demonstrated that bentonite, particularly HAFR 3, was the most effective adsorbent and could thus be a promising candidate for the decontamination of AFM1 in milk.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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