Temporal and spatial variability of urban heat island and thermal comfort within the Rotterdam agglomeration

Autor: Bert G. Heusinkveld, Albert A. M. Holtslag, B.L. van Driel, Jan Elbers, Cor Jacobs, L.W.A. van Hove
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit
street geometry
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
canyon geometry
urban areas
Geography
Planning and Development
spatial variation
02 engineering and technology
perception
Atmospheric sciences
Physiologically equivalent temperature (PET)
01 natural sciences
Wind speed
temporal variation
11. Sustainability
0202 electrical engineering
electronic engineering
information engineering
Urban heat island
climate zones
Economies of agglomeration
Thermal comfort
Land use fractions
fluxes
stedelijke gebieden
impact
variatie in de tijd
environment
Daytime
air-temperature
perceptie
Environmental Engineering
Meteorology and Air Quality
Meteorology
020209 energy
Climate change
Earth System Science
temperatuur
land-use
Impervious surface
Outdoor thermal comfort
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Civil and Structural Engineering
WIMEK
climatic change
rotterdam
areas
temperature
klimaatverandering
Building and Construction
15. Life on land
Climate Resilience
radiation
Klimaatbestendigheid
ruimtelijke variatie
13. Climate action
Urban geometry
Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde
Intra-urban variability
Environmental science
Spatial variability
Zdroj: Building and Environment 83 (2015)
Building and Environment, 83, 91-103
ISSN: 0360-1323
DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.08.029
Popis: This paper reports on temporal and spatial variability of local climate and outdoor human thermal comfort within the Rotterdam agglomeration. We analyse three years of meteorological observations (2010–2012) from a monitoring network. Focus is on the atmospheric urban heat island (UHI); the difference in air temperature between urban areas and rural surroundings. In addition, we calculate the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) which is a measure of thermal comfort. Subsequently, we determine the dependency of intra-urban variability in local climate and PET on urban land-use and geometric characteristics. During a large part of the year, UHI-intensities in densely built areas can be considerable, under calm and clear (cloudless) weather conditions. The highest maximum UHI-values are found in summer, with 95-percentile values ranging from 4.3 K to more than 8 K, depending on the location. In winter, UHI-intensities are generally lower. Intra-urban variability in maximum UHI-intensity is considerable, indicating that local features have an important influence. It is found to be significantly related to building, impervious and green surface fractions, respectively, as well as to mean building height.In summer, urban areas show a larger number of discomfort hours (PET > 23 °C) compared to the reference rural area. Our results indicate that this is mainly related to the much lower wind velocities in urban areas. Also intra-urban variability in thermal comfort during daytime appears to be mainly related to differences in wind velocity. After sunset, the UHI effect plays a more prominent role and hence thermal comfort is more related with urban characteristics.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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